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Entropy
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Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids
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Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Statistical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2023) | Viewed by 10414

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Esteban Calzetta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de F ́ısica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
Interests: nonequilibrium quantum field theory; relativistic and quantum hydrodynamics; relativistic and quantum kinetic theory; nonequilibrium phenomena in cosmology; quantum thermodynamics, including quantum work relations and quantum engines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stimulated by the application of relativistic heavy ion collisions and new theoretical developments, such as the derivation of hydrodynamics from holography, the field of relativistic real fluids has seen unprecedented activity in later years. We now have a consistent framework where relativistic viscous hydrodynamics is regarded as a low-energy effective theory enforcing relevant conservation laws, as well as the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Moreover, the solutions to this effective theory act as an attractor to the evolution of the system regarding less coarse-grained descriptions. As a consequence of these breakthroughs, the field of real relativistic hydrodynamics is now ready to face new challenges, particularly in applications to the physics of the Early Universe and compact astrophysical objects. These new problems will test the theory in a regime where strongly nonlinear phenomena, very far from equilibrium, such as turbulence and shock waves, are very much the center of attention. They will also highlight the interaction of real fluids with gauge and gravitational fields. While pure formal arguments will help to gain a foothold in these new fields, at some point, large-scale numerical simulations will be necessary for steady progress. The aim of this Special Issue is to offer a platform for the leaders in the field in recent years, for newcomers, and for people whose main interest lies not in relativistic hydrodynamics, but in fields where relativistic hydro is likely to make major contributions, to exchange views on the present state of the art, the main challenges confronting us, and the new applications ready to be explored.

Prof. Dr. Esteban Calzetta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • hydrodynamics
  • relativity
  • viscosity and entropy
  • holographic fluid dynamics
  • relativistic turbulence
  • relativistic shock waves
  • numerical real relativistic hydrodynamics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids
by Esteban Calzetta
Entropy 2024, 26(12), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121001 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 637
Abstract
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)

Research

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12 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Relativistic Heat Conduction in the Large-Flux Regime
by Lorenzo Gavassino
Entropy 2024, 26(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020147 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
We propose a general procedure for evaluating, directly from microphysics, the constitutive relations of heat-conducting fluids in regimes of large fluxes of heat. Our choice of hydrodynamic formalism is Carter’s two-fluid theory, which happens to coincide with Öttinger’s GENERIC theory for relativistic heat [...] Read more.
We propose a general procedure for evaluating, directly from microphysics, the constitutive relations of heat-conducting fluids in regimes of large fluxes of heat. Our choice of hydrodynamic formalism is Carter’s two-fluid theory, which happens to coincide with Öttinger’s GENERIC theory for relativistic heat conduction. This is a natural framework, as it should correctly describe the relativistic “inertia of heat” as well as the subtle interplay between reversible and irreversible couplings. We provide two concrete applications of our procedure, where the constitutive relations are evaluated, respectively, from maximum entropy hydrodynamics and Chapman–Enskog theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)
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15 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
A Fluid Perspective of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
by Asher Yahalom
Entropy 2023, 25(11), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25111497 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
In previous papers, it has been shown how Schrödinger’s equation which includes an electromagnetic field interaction can be deduced from a fluid dynamical Lagrangian of a charged potential flow that interacts with an electromagnetic field. The quantum behaviour is derived from Fisher information [...] Read more.
In previous papers, it has been shown how Schrödinger’s equation which includes an electromagnetic field interaction can be deduced from a fluid dynamical Lagrangian of a charged potential flow that interacts with an electromagnetic field. The quantum behaviour is derived from Fisher information terms added to the classical Lagrangian, showing that a quantum mechanical system is driven by information and not only electromagnetic fields. This program was applied to Pauli’s equations by removing the restriction of potential flow and using the Clebsch formalism. Although the analysis was quite successful, there were terms that did not admit interpretation, a number of which can be easily traced to the relativistic Dirac theory. Here, this analysis is repeated for a relativistic flow, pointing to a new approach for deriving relativistic quantum mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)
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23 pages, 373 KiB  
Article
Field Theory Approaches to Relativistic Hydrodynamics
by Nahuel Mirón Granese, Alejandra Kandus and Esteban Calzetta
Entropy 2022, 24(12), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24121790 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
Just as non-relativistic fluids, oftentimes we find relativistic fluids in situations where random fluctuations cannot be ignored, with thermal and turbulent fluctuations being the most relevant examples. Because of the theory’s inherent nonlinearity, fluctuations induce deep and complex changes in the dynamics of [...] Read more.
Just as non-relativistic fluids, oftentimes we find relativistic fluids in situations where random fluctuations cannot be ignored, with thermal and turbulent fluctuations being the most relevant examples. Because of the theory’s inherent nonlinearity, fluctuations induce deep and complex changes in the dynamics of the system. The Martin–Siggia–Rose technique is a powerful tool that allows us to translate the original hydrodynamic problem into a quantum field theory one, thus taking advantage of the progress in the treatment of quantum fields out of equilibrium. To demonstrate this technique, we shall consider the thermal fluctuations of the spin two modes of a relativistic fluid, in a theory where hydrodynamics is derived by taking moments of the Boltzmann equation under the relaxation time approximation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)
11 pages, 1107 KiB  
Article
Isotropization of a Rotating and Longitudinally Expanding ϕ4 Scalar System
by Margaret E. Carrington, Gabor Kunstatter, Christopher D. Phillips and Marcelo E. Rubio
Entropy 2022, 24(11), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111612 - 5 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1259
Abstract
We study numerically the evolution of an expanding system of scalar fields. The initial configuration is non-isotropic and rotating. We calculate the energy–momentum tensor and angular momentum vector of the system. We compare the time scales associated with the isotropization of the transverse [...] Read more.
We study numerically the evolution of an expanding system of scalar fields. The initial configuration is non-isotropic and rotating. We calculate the energy–momentum tensor and angular momentum vector of the system. We compare the time scales associated with the isotropization of the transverse and longitudinal pressures, and the decay of the initial angular momentum. We show that even a fairly large initial angular momentum decays significantly faster than the pressure anisotropy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)
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Review

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85 pages, 918 KiB  
Review
Theories of Relativistic Dissipative Fluid Dynamics
by Gabriel S. Rocha, David Wagner, Gabriel S. Denicol, Jorge Noronha and Dirk H. Rischke
Entropy 2024, 26(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26030189 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2717
Abstract
Relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics finds widespread applications in high-energy nuclear physics and astrophysics. However, formulating a causal and stable theory of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics is far from trivial; efforts to accomplish this reach back more than 50 years. In this review, we [...] Read more.
Relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics finds widespread applications in high-energy nuclear physics and astrophysics. However, formulating a causal and stable theory of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics is far from trivial; efforts to accomplish this reach back more than 50 years. In this review, we give an overview of the field and attempt a comparative assessment of (at least most of) the theories for relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics proposed until today and used in applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causal Relativistic Hydrodynamics for Viscous Fluids)
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