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Entropy
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Simulation of Open Quantum Systems
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Simulation of Open Quantum Systems

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Quantum Information".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 3693

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Cattaneo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: open quantum systems; quantum information; quantum simulation; superconducting qubits; quantum thermalization; quantum collision models; Markovian master equations
Prof. Dr. Mauro Paternostro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
Interests: quantum thermodynamics; open quantum systems; quantum optics and quantum information processing; foundations of quantum mechanics; cavity quantum optomechanics and electrodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Open quantum systems, which interact with their surrounding environment, play a crucial role in various areas of quantum science and technology. The importance of simulating open quantum systems is growing for the following two main reasons: first, to enhance our understanding of the fundamental physics governing these systems in complex scenarios, including, for instance, many-body open systems or structured quantum systems, such as networks of superconducting qubits; second, improving our comprehension of noise in quantum computation, which can be described as an open system of many qubits, is particularly relevant in the near-term quantum computation era with tens or hundreds of qubits.

Submissions to this issue are broadly solicited on the simulation of open quantum systems using both classical and quantum methods. Quantum methods of interest include (but are not restricted to) collision models, trotterization of quantum dynamics, imaginary time evolution, and variational algorithms. Classical methods encompass the brute-force computation of system dynamics, semi-analytical approaches to simplify and solve master equations classically, and the application of classical machine learning techniques to solve quantum dynamics.

While our focus is predominantly on Markovian dynamics due to its widespread use and simplicity, manuscripts addressing the simulation of non-Markovian open systems are also welcome. This collection aims to advance the field by showcasing innovative techniques and methodologies for simulating the dynamics of open quantum systems.

Dr. Marco Cattaneo
Prof. Dr. Mauro Paternostro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • quantum simulation
  • open quantum systems
  • collision models
  • variational quantum methods
  • Markovian quantum dynamics
  • quantum algorithms
  • classical simulation of quantum systems

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1334 KiB  
Article
Transient Dynamics and Homogenization in Incoherent Collision Models
by Göktuğ Karpat and Barış Çakmak
Entropy 2025, 27(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020206 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 502
Abstract
Collision models have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their versatility to simulate open quantum systems in different dynamical regimes. They have been used to study various interesting phenomena such as the dynamical emergence of non-Markovian memory effects and the spontaneous [...] Read more.
Collision models have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their versatility to simulate open quantum systems in different dynamical regimes. They have been used to study various interesting phenomena such as the dynamical emergence of non-Markovian memory effects and the spontaneous establishment of synchronization in open quantum systems. In such models, the repeated pairwise interactions between the system and the environment and also the possible coupling between different environmental units are typically modeled using the coherent partial SWAP (PSWAP) operation as it is known to be a universal homogenizer. In this study, we investigate the dynamical behavior of incoherent collision models, where the interactions between different units are modeled by the incoherent controlled SWAP (CSWAP) operation, which is also a universal homogenizer. Even though the asymptotic dynamics of the open system in cases of both coherent and incoherent swap interactions appear to be identical, its transient dynamics turns out to be significantly different. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the consequences of having coherent or incoherent couplings in collision models, namely, PSWAP or CSWAP interactions, respectively, for the emergence of memory effects for a single-qubit system and for the onset synchronization between a pair of qubits, both of which are strictly determined by the transient dynamics of the open system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation of Open Quantum Systems)
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27 pages, 3309 KiB  
Article
Quantum Thermometry for Ultra-Low Temperatures Using Probe and Ancilla Qubit Chains
by Asghar Ullah, Vipul Upadhyay and Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu
Entropy 2025, 27(2), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020204 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 685
Abstract
We propose a scheme to enhance the range and precision of ultra-low temperature measurements by employing a probe qubit coupled to a chain of ancilla qubits. Specifically, we analyze a qubit chain governed by Heisenberg XX and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interactions. The precision [...] Read more.
We propose a scheme to enhance the range and precision of ultra-low temperature measurements by employing a probe qubit coupled to a chain of ancilla qubits. Specifically, we analyze a qubit chain governed by Heisenberg XX and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interactions. The precision limits of temperature measurements are characterized by evaluating quantum Fisher information (QFI). Our findings demonstrate that the achievable precision bounds, as well as the number of peaks in the QFI as a function of temperature, can be controlled by adjusting the number of ancilla qubits and the system’s model parameters. These results are interpreted in terms of the influence of energy transitions on the range and the number of QFI peaks as a function of temperature. This study highlights the potential of the probe qubit–ancilla chain system as a powerful and precise tool for quantum thermometry in the ultra-low temperature regime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation of Open Quantum Systems)
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13 pages, 2442 KiB  
Article
Critical Assessment of Information Back-Flow in Measurement-Free Teleportation
by Hannah McAleese and Mauro Paternostro
Entropy 2024, 26(9), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090780 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 779
Abstract
We assess a scheme for measurement-free quantum teleportation from the perspective of the resources underpinning its performance. In particular, we focus on claims recently made about the crucial role played by the degree of non-Markovianity of the dynamics of the information carrier whose [...] Read more.
We assess a scheme for measurement-free quantum teleportation from the perspective of the resources underpinning its performance. In particular, we focus on claims recently made about the crucial role played by the degree of non-Markovianity of the dynamics of the information carrier whose state we aim to teleport. We prove that any link between the efficiency of teleportation and the back-flow of information depends fundamentally on the way the various operations entailed by the measurement-free teleportation protocol are implemented while—in general—no claim of causal link can be made. Our result reinforces the need for the explicit assessment of the underlying physical platform when assessing the performance and resources for a given quantum protocol and the need for a rigorous quantum resource theory of non-Markovianity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation of Open Quantum Systems)
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11 pages, 1820 KiB  
Article
Estimating Molecular Thermal Averages with the Quantum Equation of Motion and Informationally Complete Measurements
by Daniele Morrone, N. Walter Talarico, Marco Cattaneo and Matteo A. C. Rossi
Entropy 2024, 26(9), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090722 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
By leveraging the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), the “quantum equation of motion” (qEOM) method established itself as a promising tool for quantum chemistry on near-term quantum computers and has been used extensively to estimate molecular excited states. Here, we explore a novel application [...] Read more.
By leveraging the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), the “quantum equation of motion” (qEOM) method established itself as a promising tool for quantum chemistry on near-term quantum computers and has been used extensively to estimate molecular excited states. Here, we explore a novel application of this method, employing it to compute thermal averages of quantum systems, specifically molecules like ethylene and butadiene. A drawback of qEOM is that it requires measuring the expectation values of a large number of observables on the ground state of the system, and the number of necessary measurements can become a bottleneck of the method. In this work, we focus on measurements through informationally complete positive operator-valued measures (IC-POVMs) to achieve a reduction in the measurement overheads by estimating different observables of interest through the measurement of a single set of POVMs. We show with numerical simulations that the qEOM combined with IC-POVM measurements ensures satisfactory accuracy in the reconstruction of the thermal state with a reasonable number of shots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation of Open Quantum Systems)
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