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Energies
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Analysis and Control of Power System Stability
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Analysis and Control of Power System Stability

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2026) | Viewed by 7584

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jinpeng Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
Interests: new energy power system stability monitoring, analysis, and control
Dr. Mingshen Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: grid forming control; nonlinear control application in power electronics; AC/DC system stability
Dr. Xiaoting Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
Interests: fast power system stability assessment; data-driven methods and power system resilience; uncertainty quantification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Power system stability is a critical aspect of modern energy systems, ensuring secure and reliable operation under different operating conditions and unexpected disturbances. As the modern power grid is evolving with high penetration of renewable energy sources, advanced control systems, and technologies to integrate distributed energy resources, new challenges arise in maintaining system stability. This Special Issue aims to explore innovative analysis and control methods and emerging technologies that monitor and enhance the stability of modern power systems.

This issue will serve as a platform for researchers to present state-of-the-art solutions addressing various aspects of power system stability, including, but not restricted to, rotor angle stability, voltage stability, and frequency stability. We particularly encourage submissions that address the interdisciplinary nature of this topic, combining perspectives from power engineering, control systems, machine learning, and optimization.

Topics of interest:

  • Integration of renewables and DERs: impact of high renewable energy penetration on system stability.
  • Advanced monitoring and control strategies: wide-area measurement systems (WAMSs) and wide-area control.
  • Emerging trends and technologies: the use of AI and big data analytics in stability assessment, and data-driven and machine learning approaches for stability analysis.

Dr. Jinpeng Guo
Dr. Mingshen Li
Dr. Xiaoting Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable power system
  • stability analysis
  • stability control
  • stability monitoring

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2748 KB  
Article
Multi-Stage Black-Start Strategy for Pure New Energy Power Grid Based on Grid-Forming Energy Systems
by Ying Wang, Junbo Fu, Shuanbao Niu, Meng Wang and Penghan Li
Energies 2026, 19(7), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19071715 - 31 Mar 2026
Viewed by 849
Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy is driving the use of grid-forming energy storage (GFM-ES) for black start in pure renewable power grids. However, practical implementation is challenged by three coupled problems: transient voltage overshoot during bus energization, imbalance of state of charge [...] Read more.
The increasing penetration of renewable energy is driving the use of grid-forming energy storage (GFM-ES) for black start in pure renewable power grids. However, practical implementation is challenged by three coupled problems: transient voltage overshoot during bus energization, imbalance of state of charge (SOC) among distributed storage units during islanded operation, and synchronization shocks during grid reconnection. This paper proposes a coordinated multi-stage black-start strategy that integrates (1) an improved V/f startup control with a two-segment voltage reference to soften bus energization; (2) an SOC-aware adaptive droop law based on a bounded arcsine SOC index to balance the charge/discharge effort among distributed storage units; and (3) a virtual-capacitor-based phase-angle control to accelerate synchronization before grid connection. Compared with existing black-start schemes, the proposed framework provides stronger voltage regulation, better SOC consistency, and shorter synchronization time in a pure renewable scenario. The method is validated through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and an engineering case study of the Ejina pure renewable grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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35 pages, 3785 KB  
Article
Optimal Splitting Sections Searching Method for Power Systems with Grid-Forming Wind Turbines Based on Branch Transient Potential Energy
by Zhigang Li, Hailong Tan, Yuchu Zhang, Miao Xu, Luqi Zhang, Kun Li, Rundong Tian and Cheng Liu
Energies 2026, 19(6), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19061496 - 17 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 463
Abstract
Controlled islanding is the last line of defense to prevent blackouts in power systems. This paper proposes a novel optimal splitting sections searching method for power systems with grid-forming (GFM) wind turbines, based on branch transient potential energy. First, an improved generator internal [...] Read more.
Controlled islanding is the last line of defense to prevent blackouts in power systems. This paper proposes a novel optimal splitting sections searching method for power systems with grid-forming (GFM) wind turbines, based on branch transient potential energy. First, an improved generator internal node potential energy is defined to uniformly characterize the transient energy accumulation of both synchronous generators and GFM wind turbines; coherent generator groups are then identified using K-means clustering. Second, a splitting sections searching model is formulated with the objective of minimizing the sum of branch stability indices (BSIs) on the splitting sections. An island inertia constraint is introduced as a penalty term to address the reduced system inertia caused by grid-following (GFL) wind turbines. An improved biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm integrated with tabu search (TS) is employed for the solution. Finally, simulations are conducted on a modified New England 39-bus system. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional models focusing on power imbalance or power flow disruption, the proposed method achieves better frequency and voltage stability in the formed islands, although this improvement comes at the cost of increased load shedding in certain scenarios. In power systems with GFM wind turbines, both frequency and voltage deviations are reduced, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing island stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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18 pages, 6105 KB  
Article
Coordinated Active and Reactive Power Control of VSC-HVDC for Enhancing Static Voltage Stability in AC/DC Systems
by Jinpeng Guo, Luo Zou, Ningyu Zhang, Yuqiao Jia, Xueping Pan and Xiaorong Sun
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6127; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236127 - 23 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 891
Abstract
When conducting research on the static voltage stability of AC/DC systems with voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission lines, the focus is often given to reactive power control, neglecting the potential from active power support. Based on the minimum modulus eigenvalue, [...] Read more.
When conducting research on the static voltage stability of AC/DC systems with voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission lines, the focus is often given to reactive power control, neglecting the potential from active power support. Based on the minimum modulus eigenvalue, this paper proposes to coordinately control active and reactive power of VSC-HVDC to improve the static voltage stability of AC/DC systems. Firstly, the converter loss is quantified and taken into account to solve the power flow of the AC/DC system. Secondly, the minimum modulus eigenvalue of the system is calculated based on the Jacobian matrix in the power flow solution process to characterize the static voltage stability of the system. Then, taking the minimum modulus eigenvalue of the AC/DC system as the optimization objective, with power flow, node voltage, and converter power as constraints, and with the active and reactive power injections of HVDC as optimization variables, an optimization model is built to determine the optimal adjustment of active and reactive power of VSC-HVDC. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to solve the optimization model. Simulations in MATLAB show that compared with only active power control and only reactive power control, the proposed control method can significantly improve the static voltage stability of the system while ensuring its safe operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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16 pages, 487 KB  
Article
Optimal Synchronous Condenser Placement in Renewable Energy Bases to Meet Renewable Energy Transfer Capacity Requirements
by Hao Sheng, Siqi Zhang, Tianqi Zhao, Jing Hao, Qi Li, Guangming Xin, Rui Chen, Xiaofei Wang and Xiang Ren
Energies 2025, 18(16), 4267; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164267 - 11 Aug 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2001
Abstract
The large-scale integration of renewable energy and the high penetration of power electronic devices have led to a significant reduction in system inertia and short-circuit capacity. This is particularly manifested in the form of insufficient multiple renewable energy stations short-circuit ratio (MRSCR) and [...] Read more.
The large-scale integration of renewable energy and the high penetration of power electronic devices have led to a significant reduction in system inertia and short-circuit capacity. This is particularly manifested in the form of insufficient multiple renewable energy stations short-circuit ratio (MRSCR) and transient overvoltage issues following severe disturbances such as AC and DC faults, which greatly limit the power transfer capability of large renewable energy bases. To effectively mitigate these challenges, this paper proposes an optimal synchronous condenser deployment method tailored for large-scale renewable energy bases. The proposed mathematical model supports a hybrid centralized and distributed configuration of synchronous condensers with various capacities and manufacturers while considering practical engineering constraints such as short-circuit ratio, transient overvoltage, and available bays in renewable energy stations. A practical decomposition and iterative computation strategy is introduced to reduce the computational burden of transient stability simulations. Case studies based on a real-world system verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the optimal configuration of synchronous condensers. The results demonstrate significant improvements in grid strength (MRSCR) and suppression of transient overvoltages, thereby enhancing the stability and transfer capability of renewable energy bases in weak-grid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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33 pages, 5164 KB  
Article
Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy
by Haiteng Han, Xiangchen Jiang, Yang Cao, Xuanyao Luo, Sheng Liu and Bei Yang
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4139; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139 - 4 Aug 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
With the accelerating global transition toward sustainable energy systems, power grids with a high share of renewable energy face increasing challenges due to volatility and uncertainty, necessitating advanced flexibility resource planning and stability optimization strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive distribution network planning [...] Read more.
With the accelerating global transition toward sustainable energy systems, power grids with a high share of renewable energy face increasing challenges due to volatility and uncertainty, necessitating advanced flexibility resource planning and stability optimization strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive distribution network planning framework that coordinates and integrates multiple types of flexibility resources through joint optimization and network reconfiguration to enhance system adaptability and operational resilience. A novel virtual network coupling modeling approach is proposed to address topological constraints during network reconfiguration, ensuring radial operation while allowing rapid topology adjustments to isolate faults and restore power supply. Furthermore, to mitigate the uncertainty and fault risks associated with extreme weather events, a CVaR-based risk quantification framework is incorporated into a bi-level optimization model, effectively balancing investment costs and operational risks under uncertainty. In this model, the upper-level planning stage optimizes the siting and sizing of flexibility resources, while the lower-level operational stage coordinates real-time dispatch strategies through demand response, energy storage operation, and dynamic network reconfiguration. Finally, a hybrid SA-PSO algorithm combined with conic programming is employed to enhance computational efficiency while ensuring high solution quality for practical system scales. Case study analyses demonstrate that, compared to single-resource configurations, the proposed coordinated planning of multiple flexibility resources can significantly reduce the total system cost and markedly improve system resilience under fault conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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23 pages, 3940 KB  
Article
Recovery Strategies for Combined Optical Storage Systems Based on System Short-Circuit Ratio (SCR) Thresholds
by Qingji Yang, Baohong Li, Qin Jiang and Qiao Peng
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154112 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 796
Abstract
The penetration rate of variable energy sources in the current power grid is increasing, with the aim being to expand the use of these energy sources and to replace the traditional black start power supply. This study investigates the black start of a [...] Read more.
The penetration rate of variable energy sources in the current power grid is increasing, with the aim being to expand the use of these energy sources and to replace the traditional black start power supply. This study investigates the black start of a photovoltaic storage joint system based on the system’s short-circuit ratio threshold. Firstly, the principles and control modes of the photovoltaic (PV) system, energy storage system (ESS), and high-voltage direct current (DC) transmission system are studied separately to build an overall model; secondly, computational determinations of the short-circuit ratio under different scenarios are introduced to analyze the strength of the system, and the virtual inertia and virtual damping of the PV system are configured based on this; finally, the change trend of the storage system’s state of charge (SOC) is computed and observed, and the limits of what the system can support in each stage are determined. An electromagnetic transient simulation model of a black start system is constructed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and according to the proposed recovery strategy, the system frequency is maintained in the range of 49.4~50.6 Hz during the entire black start process; the fluctuation in maximum frequency after the recovery of the DC transmission system is no more than 0.1%; and the fluctuation in photovoltaic power at each stage is less than 3%. In addition, all the key indexes meet the requirements for black start technology, which verifies the validity of the strategy and provides theoretical support and a practical reference for the black start of a grid with variable energy sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)
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