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Article

Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy

1
School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
2
Power China Jiangxi Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330006, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4139; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139
Submission received: 24 June 2025 / Revised: 28 July 2025 / Accepted: 30 July 2025 / Published: 4 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Control of Power System Stability)

Abstract

With the accelerating global transition toward sustainable energy systems, power grids with a high share of renewable energy face increasing challenges due to volatility and uncertainty, necessitating advanced flexibility resource planning and stability optimization strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive distribution network planning framework that coordinates and integrates multiple types of flexibility resources through joint optimization and network reconfiguration to enhance system adaptability and operational resilience. A novel virtual network coupling modeling approach is proposed to address topological constraints during network reconfiguration, ensuring radial operation while allowing rapid topology adjustments to isolate faults and restore power supply. Furthermore, to mitigate the uncertainty and fault risks associated with extreme weather events, a CVaR-based risk quantification framework is incorporated into a bi-level optimization model, effectively balancing investment costs and operational risks under uncertainty. In this model, the upper-level planning stage optimizes the siting and sizing of flexibility resources, while the lower-level operational stage coordinates real-time dispatch strategies through demand response, energy storage operation, and dynamic network reconfiguration. Finally, a hybrid SA-PSO algorithm combined with conic programming is employed to enhance computational efficiency while ensuring high solution quality for practical system scales. Case study analyses demonstrate that, compared to single-resource configurations, the proposed coordinated planning of multiple flexibility resources can significantly reduce the total system cost and markedly improve system resilience under fault conditions.
Keywords: flexibility resource planning; distribution network reconfiguration; conditional value-at-risk; multi-energy coordination optimization; distributed energy management flexibility resource planning; distribution network reconfiguration; conditional value-at-risk; multi-energy coordination optimization; distributed energy management

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Han, H.; Jiang, X.; Cao, Y.; Luo, X.; Liu, S.; Yang, B. Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy. Energies 2025, 18, 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139

AMA Style

Han H, Jiang X, Cao Y, Luo X, Liu S, Yang B. Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy. Energies. 2025; 18(15):4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han, Haiteng, Xiangchen Jiang, Yang Cao, Xuanyao Luo, Sheng Liu, and Bei Yang. 2025. "Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy" Energies 18, no. 15: 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139

APA Style

Han, H., Jiang, X., Cao, Y., Luo, X., Liu, S., & Yang, B. (2025). Flexibility Resource Planning and Stability Optimization Methods for Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy. Energies, 18(15), 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154139

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