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Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (3 July 2023) | Viewed by 7923

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa Raj

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Guest Editor

Department of Automotive Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; IC engines; hybrid electric vehicles; fuel cells—PEMFC

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

CFD modeling is an emerging field, considered to be an indispensable analysis/design tool due to its wide range of applications over the last decade. Practical engineering problems are incredibly difficult to solve, and a high level of ingenuity is required. Thus, in addition to development work in CFD, innovative CFD applications are also encouraged. The ultimate goal is to provide a common platform for model/software developers and users through balanced international/interdisciplinary contributions, disseminating information relating to the development/refinement of mathematical and numerical models, software tools, and their innovative applications in CFD.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, design, and modeling.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

Fluid flow and heat transfer;
Incompressible and compressible fluids;
Chemical reactions and combustion;
Supersonic air intake, combustion—scramjet engine;
Shockwave boundary layer interaction;
Acoustics;
Unsteady flows;
Fluid–solid interaction;
Multi-phase flows;
Fuel cell—PEMFC, DMFC;
Mixing and transport of heat and species;
Combustion;
Turbulence;
Shock waves and explosions;
Other relevant topics.

Prof. Dr. Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa Raj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

modeling
CFD
fuel cell
combustion

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Manganese-Coated Graphite Electrode in a Dual-Chambered Fuel Cell for Selenite Removal and Bio-Electricity Generation from Wastewater Effluent by Bacillus cereus

by Jayanthi Velayudhan and Sangeetha Subramanian

Energies 2023, 16(6), 2880; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062880 - 21 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1380

Abstract

A manganese oxide-coated cylindrical graphite cathode with a zinc anode was developed to treat wastewater containing selenite in a dual-chambered microbial fuel cell. COD and selenite removal in the anodic chamber by Bacillus cereus with energy generation were evaluated in batch mode. A manganese dioxide-coated graphite cathode was tested for its surface morphology and chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy and dispersive energy analysis of X-rays. Compared to the non-coated graphite electrode, up to 69% enhancement was observed in the manganese dioxide-coated electrode voltage generation with 150 ppm selenite concentration. The fuel cell achieved a maximum power density of 1.29 W/m² with 91% selenite reduction and up to 74% COD (initial COD of 120 mg/L) removal for an initial selenite concentration from 100 to 150 ppm. The current study demonstrated the possibility of a modified cathode in enhancing energy generation and the use of microbial fuel cell technology to treat wastewater containing selenite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System)

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23 pages, 8667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow around an Oscillating Cylinder at Low Reynolds Number with Forced Convection: Effect of Corner Radius and Reynolds Number

by Yuvraj Sarout, Md. Islam, Yap Fatt and Isam Janajreh

Energies 2022, 15(23), 9145; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239145 - 02 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1967

Abstract

This numerical study investigated the flow-induced vibration (FIV) on non-heated and heated cylinders with different normalized corner radii (r*) at different Reynolds numbers (Re). Four different values of r* were considered (i.e., 0 (square cylinder), 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 (circular cylinder)) at three different Re: 100, 150, and 200 within the laminar regime. The cylinder constrained in the axial direction and oscillated transversally was considered for a fixed nondimensional cylinder mass

(m^{*})

of 10 and a reduced velocity (Ur) of 4.92. The effect of r* and Re could be seen in the vibration modes of cylinders. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy equations were solved together with Newton’s Second Law governing the motion of the cylinder with the help of a computational solver. Four different modes were observed in this study: Mode-I characterized by exceptionally low amplitude; Mode-II characterized by fluctuating amplitude known as hysteresis (beating); Mode-III characterized by high amplitude due to synchronization or lock-in; and Mode-IV characterized by the monotonic oscillation of fixed amplitude. For r* = 1, synchronization phenomenon/lock-in was observed. For the heated cylinder cases, due to the change in the normalized corner radius, a notable change in nondimensional vibrational amplitude

A / D

and the average Nusselt number

N u_{a v g}

was seen. It was observed that A/D was higher when lock-in occurred (at Re = 100 and r* = 1), leading to a rise in

N u_{a v g}

by 47.9% compared to Re = 100 and r* = 0. Due to the change in r*, a shifting phenomenon was observed at Re = 150, r* = 0.75 and Re = 200, r* = 1. A major change in

N u_{a v g}

was observed from the circular cylinder to square cylinder at different Re. The beating phenomenon was observed at Re = 100 for r* = 0.75, which was similar to that occurring at Re = 150 and r* = 0.5, and those at Re = 200 and r* = 0. Heat transfer and wake structure parameters were found to be dependent on r* and Re. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System)

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20 pages, 24107 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Characteristics of the Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field of a Submersible Mixer Based on CFD-DEM

by Fei Tian, Erfeng Zhang, Chen Yang, Weidong Shi and Yonghua Chen

Energies 2022, 15(16), 6096; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166096 - 22 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1417

Abstract

Submersible mixers are widely used in the sewage treatment process in various fields, such as agriculture and industry. They are mainly responsible for pushing flow and mixing activated sludge particles in a pool. Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method under the Euler–Lagrange framework, the solid–liquid two-phase flow of a submersible mixer was simulated in this paper, and the motion characteristics and distribution laws of particles in the pool were studied in axial, horizontal, and lateral directions, respectively. An evaluation method of distribution uniformity was proposed to analyze the velocity distribution of the flow field, the velocity distribution of particles, and the mixing uniformity of particles. The results show that the movement process of activated sludge particles in the pool can be roughly divided into three stages: the horizontal development stage, absorption–injection stage, and reflux-mixing stage, in which the reflux-mixing stage is the main stage for the uniform distribution of particles in the whole flow field. Particle accumulation occurs mainly in the dead zones of the flow field. Distribution of particles in the axial direction has the most homogeneous extent. Vortices can be generated near pool walls, causing accumulation of particles. This method can be a good guide for engineering practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System)

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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 7419 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on the Numerical Studies on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow Channel Designs for Automotive Applications

by Suprava Chakraborty, Devaraj Elangovan, Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, Ashley Fly, Dineshkumar Ravi, Denis Ashok Sathia Seelan and Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9520; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249520 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2515

Abstract

Climate change and the major threat it poses to the environment and human lives is the major challenge the world faces today. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended that future automobiles have zero carbon exhaust emissions. Even though battery electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions relative to combustion engines, a carbon footprint still remains in the overall ecosystem unless the battery is powered by renewable energy sources. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an alternate source for automotive mobility which, similar to battery electric vehicles, has zero carbon emissions from its exhaust pipe. Moreover, the typical system level efficiency of a PEMFC is higher than an equivalent internal combustion powertrain. This review article covers the background history, working principles, challenges and applications of PEMFCs for automotive transportation and power generation in industries. Since the performance of a PEMFC is greatly influenced by the design of the anode and cathode flow channels, an in-depth review has been carried out on different types of flow channel designs. This review reveals the importance of flow channel design with respect to uniform gas (reactant) distribution, membrane proton conductivity, water flooding and thermal management. An exhaustive study has been carried out on different types of flow channels, such as parallel, serpentine, interdigitated and bio-inspired, with respect to their performance and applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System)

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