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Hydrothermal Carbonization for Sustainable Energy and Resource Recovery from Organic Waste

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 750

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Heat Engineering & Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: hydrothermal carbonization; sewage sludge; organic waste; hydrochar; post-processing liquid

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing global demand for sustainable energy and effective waste management has brought increasing attention to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This innovative thermochemical process converts diverse organic wastes into valuable solid, liquid, and gaseous products. HTC offers a sustainable pathway for converting biomass residues, sewage sludge, food waste, and other organic materials into hydrochar and nutrient-rich byproducts, thereby contributing to renewable energy production, resource recovery, and greenhouse gas reduction.

As societies move toward a circular and low-carbon economy, HTC is emerging as a key technology that bridges waste valorization with energy and material recovery. Its versatility, scalability, and ability to process wet feedstocks make it a promising solution for both urban and industrial applications. Recent developments in reactor design, process optimization, product utilization, and system integration have further expanded its role in sustainable development and environmental protection.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the latest research, technological innovations, and practical applications of hydrothermal carbonization in the context of sustainable energy transition and resource efficiency. Submissions addressing experimental, theoretical, environmental, and techno-economic aspects of HTC are particularly encouraged.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Fundamentals and mechanisms of hydrothermal carbonization;
  • Process optimization and modeling;
  • Characterization and utilization of hydrochar;
  • Nutrient and resource recovery from HTC process liquids;
  • Integration of HTC with other renewable technologies;
  • Environmental and life cycle assessment;
  • Pilot and full-scale applications;
  • Policy and economic perspectives for HTC implementation.

Dr. Klaudia Szkadłubowicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • hydrothermal carbonization
  • organic waste valorization
  • sustainable energy
  • circular economy
  • resource recovery
  • waste-to-energy
  • hydrochar
  • post- processing liquid
  • environmental sustainability

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1302 KB  
Article
Valorization of Sargassum via Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction with Food Waste: Effects of Reaction Temperature and Feedstock Ratio on Biocrude Yield and Fuel Properties
by Md Mostafizur Rahman and Toufiq Reza
Energies 2026, 19(10), 2277; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102277 - 8 May 2026
Viewed by 415
Abstract
The massive invasion of Sargassum (SG) in coastal regions has emerged as a growing environmental and economic challenge, driving interest in sustainable valorization strategies. Although hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has demonstrated potential for valorizing SG into biocrude, its high ash and low lipid content [...] Read more.
The massive invasion of Sargassum (SG) in coastal regions has emerged as a growing environmental and economic challenge, driving interest in sustainable valorization strategies. Although hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has demonstrated potential for valorizing SG into biocrude, its high ash and low lipid content limit conversion efficiency. In this context, hydrothermal co-liquefaction (CoHTL) offers a promising route by leveraging synergistic interactions with complementary feedstocks. This study investigates the effects of HTL temperature (275–350 °C) and feedstock ratio (5–15 wt% SFW) on biocrude production during the CoHTL of SG with simulated food waste (SFW). CoHTL with 5 wt% SFW at 300 °C produced the maximum biocrude yield of 45.6 ± 0.8 wt%, which was 27.6 wt% higher than that obtained from the individual HTL of SG, indicating a significant positive synergistic effect. However, this synergy decreased with increasing temperature and SFW fraction, with temperature exerting a more pronounced influence than feedstock ratio. CoHTL also produced biocrude with higher carbon and energy contents than HTL of SG, reaching up to 78.7 ± 0.3% and 37.2 ± 0.1 MJ/kg, respectively. The boiling point distribution showed a dominance of lighter volatile compounds in the 125–340 °C range, although this fraction decreased slightly after CoHTL. In addition, a slight increase in nitrogen content was observed in the CoHTL biocrude, indicating a trade-off associated with the process. Overall, CoHTL with SFW is an effective strategy for improving biocrude yield and energy recovery from SG, offering an enhanced pathway for its valorization. Full article
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