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Energies
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Biofuel Production and Bio-Waste Management
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Biofuel Production and Bio-Waste Management

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 5030

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daegi Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental and Technology Engineering, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
Interests: waste to energy technology; biofuel from biomass; hydrothermal treatment; carbonization; liquefaction; pretreatment for biological treatment; application of biochar
Dr. Jongkeun Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, School of Smart and Green Engineering, College of Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 51140, Republic of Korea
Interests: anaerobic digestion/fermentation; biogas (CH4/H2) production, upgrading, and utilization; biochemical process for waste management; waste to energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global trends in waste management, such as achieving the Net Zero goal by 2050 and RE100, are aimed at reducing waste generation and converting waste into energy. Recently, countries have been leveraging underutilized biomass resources and securing critical resources for the carbon-neutral era. This Special Issue shares the latest transformations within the waste management sector, which are in line with Net Zero, as well as emerging research trends in waste-to-energy conversion worldwide. In particular, we will identify trends in energy conversion research related to untapped biomass resources in different countries, with a view toward fostering technological and academic advancements.

This Special Issue will provide a perspective on technology advancements for waste-to-energy conversion and waste management practices within different countries, including:

  • Waste-to-Energy technology;
  • Biomass-to-Energy technology;
  • Energy-harvesting technologies;
  • Thermochemical conversion;
  • Biological technology;
  • Biochar production and conversion technologies;
  • The application of biochar;
  • Efficient energy conversion systems;
  • Energy conversion and environmental management.

Dr. Daegi Kim
Dr. Jongkeun Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste management
  • waste to energy
  • net zero
  • biomass conversion
  • carbon-neutral era

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1598 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of the Physicochemical and Energy Parameters of Briquettes Manufactured from Sewage Sludge Mixtures and Selected Organic Additives
by Sebastian Kujawiak, Małgorzata Makowska, Damian Janczak, Wojciech Czekała, Włodzimierz Krzesiński, Ariel Antonowicz and Karol Kupryaniuk
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4573; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184573 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1141
Abstract
As a by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge can be used for natural, agricultural, or energy purposes. One method of preparing sludge for management and use is solar drying. To intensify the drying process, natural additives can be used to alter the structure [...] Read more.
As a by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge can be used for natural, agricultural, or energy purposes. One method of preparing sludge for management and use is solar drying. To intensify the drying process, natural additives can be used to alter the structure of the sludge and accelerate the evaporation of water. This research aimed to evaluate the influences of different organic additives in sewage sludge mixtures on the physicochemical and energy parameters of briquettes. This research was carried out without thermal boosting in a 4 × 2.5 × 2 m plastic tunnel. The tunnel was equipped with three drying stations and control and measuring equipment. In two test series, sludge additives in the form of straw and lignocellulosic materials, sawdust, bark, woodchips, and walnut shells, were used. Briquettes were made from the resulting mixtures and then subjected to physical and chemical analyses. This research showed high variability in the contents of trace elements, nitrogen, and sulphur in relation to an increase in the amount of sludge in the briquettes, which, for the briquettes made from sewage sludge, was nearly twice as high as for the briquettes made from the mixtures. The results of the flue gas analysis for the briquettes with sawdust and wood chip additives were very similar. The briquettes made from sewage sludge with lignocellulosic materials (bark and wood chips) had fuel properties similar to woody biomass, with a calorific value and heat of combustion of 15–16 MJ/kg. Fibrous additives (straw) significantly increased the strength parameters of the briquettes, by more than 50% of the value. The compositions and properties of the mixtures affected the following briquetting parameters: temperature and compressive force. The briquettes made from sewage sludge and additives can be classified according to ISO 21640 as SRFs (solid recovered fuels). In most of the results, the net calorific value (NCV) was 3 to 4; the chlorine content (CL) was 2 to 1; and the mercury content (Hg) was 1. The sewage sludge mixtures facilitated the agricultural and energy use of the briquettes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuel Production and Bio-Waste Management)
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18 pages, 2111 KiB  
Article
Process Model and Life Cycle Assessment of Biorefinery Concept Using Agricultural and Industrial Residues for Biohydrogen Production
by Edgar Gamero, Sophia Ruppert, Robert Miehe and Alexander Sauer
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4282; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174282 - 27 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
Sustainable waste management strategies are urgently needed due to an increasing global population and increased waste production. In this context, biorefineries have recently emerged as a promising approach to valorize waste streams and supply a broad range of products. This study presents the [...] Read more.
Sustainable waste management strategies are urgently needed due to an increasing global population and increased waste production. In this context, biorefineries have recently emerged as a promising approach to valorize waste streams and supply a broad range of products. This study presents the process model and life cycle assessment (LCA) of a biorefinery concept using a novel biochemical method, a so-called “dark photosynthesis” conversion. This process is coupled to a photo-fermentation using microalgae. Overall, the biorefinery concept can produce hydrogen, lutein, β-carotene, and proteins for animal feed. Apple pomace from apple juice production is used as feedstock for the primary conversion step. A process model was created with the process simulation software Aspen Plus® using experimental and literature data. Results from this model were then used in an LCA. The environmental impacts of the proposed biorefinery concept are relatively high, showing the need for process optimization in several areas. Energy system integration, stream recycling, and higher hydrogen yields are recognized as especially important for improving the environmental performance of this concept. Despite these findings, the model shows the feasibility of implementing the biochemical conversion technologies in a biorefinery concept for effectively utilizing residue streams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuel Production and Bio-Waste Management)
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19 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
Economic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Biogas Plant Digestate Management Methods
by Mateusz Nowak, Wiktor Bojarski and Wojciech Czekała
Energies 2024, 17(12), 3021; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17123021 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive economic and energy efficiency analysis of selected digestate management methods, considering their implications on operational costs and resource management. To achieve this aim, the study focuses on a comparative assessment of different digestate [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive economic and energy efficiency analysis of selected digestate management methods, considering their implications on operational costs and resource management. To achieve this aim, the study focuses on a comparative assessment of different digestate management methods, including land application, mechanical separation, the composting process and pellet production. The economic analysis involves the evaluation of the initial investment, operational expenses, and potential revenue streams associated with each method. The most economical and popular solution of digestate management is direct use as fertilizer, with total costs of 1.98 EUR·Mg−1. All of the other methods involve higher digestate management costs, respectively; for separation it is 2.42 EUR·Mg−1, for composting it is 2.81 EUR·Mg−1. The process that is the most energy-intensive, but profitable, is the production of pellets from digestate, resulting in profits of 334,926 EUR·year−1. It should be noted that the other analyzed methods of digestate management also bring many environmental benefits, affecting sustainability and reducing emissions. The results of this research will contribute unique data on the feasibility of managing the digestate and its fractions. The calculations of economic and energy values for different strategies will allow for the optimization of the overall performance of the biogas plant, thus promoting a circular economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuel Production and Bio-Waste Management)
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