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Hygrothermal Design to Inform Durable and Sustainable Energy Efficient Buildings

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "G: Energy and Buildings".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 March 2025) | Viewed by 1445

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Architecture and Design, University of Tasmania, Inveresk, Launceston 7250, Australia
Interests: hygrothermal design; building physics; energy efficiency; condensation, house energy rating; net zero buildings; solar passive design; thermal mass; environmentally sustainable design and construction; indoor environmental quality

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Guest Editor
Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, Fraunhoferstr. 10, 83626 Valley, Germany
Interests: building science; moisture control; energy efficiency; service life and hygrothermal performance prediction; renewable and recycled insulation materials; indoor environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the world leaps toward a zero carbon or zero emissions future, we are expecting more energy efficiency from new buildings and the significant retrofit of existing buildings. In an effort to reduce operational energy, building regulations in all nations are requiring more insulation and more airtightness from external envelope systems.

It has now been known for several decades that envelope design and construction methods are intrinsically linked to the presence of surface and interstitial condensation and mold growth. For more than 25 years, 1D, 2D, and 3D hygrothermal simulation tools have been developed to inform envelope design and building regulation and for the forensic analysis of existing buildings. Some of these simulation tools have been through extensive testing and empirical validation.

The building regulatory framework for each nation still ranges from a total ignorance of this issue, through to advanced industry-based guidelines for envelope design, construction, and hygrothermal simulation. Whether it be the vapor resistivity of construction materials, or external environmental inputs, or internal environmental inputs, many researchers are exploring the application of and differences between hygrothermal simulation methods. 

Recognizing this international diversity in regulatory development, standards, and calculation methods used by each nation, and jurisdictions within each nation, this Special Issue thus intends to promote a comprehensive approach to the theme of hygrothermal simulation and its use to inform building design and building regulation, including topics such as:

  • The vapor resistivity properties of construction materials;
  • Climate data for hygrothermal simulation;
  • Interior environmental conditions for hygrothermal simulation;
  • Hygrothermal simulation studies to inform building standards and building regulation;
  • Forensic hygrothermal studies of existing buildings;
  • New developments in hygrothermal simulation algorithms.

Dr. Mark Dewsbury
Prof. Dr. Hartwig M. Kunzel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hygrothermal simulation
  • vapor resistivity
  • condensation
  • mold
  • energy efficiency
  • building regulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

30 pages, 9217 KiB  
Article
Navigating Energy Efficiency and Mould Risk in Australian Low-Rise Homes: A Comparative Analysis of Nine External Wall Systems in Southeast Australia
by Liqun Guan, Mark Dewsbury, Louise Wallis and Hartwig Kuenzel
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112843 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 805
Abstract
As energy-efficient buildings become central to climate change mitigation, the opportunity for interior and interstitial moisture accumulation and mould growth can increase. This study investigated the potential simulation-based mould growth risks associated with the current generation of insulated low-rise timber framed external wall [...] Read more.
As energy-efficient buildings become central to climate change mitigation, the opportunity for interior and interstitial moisture accumulation and mould growth can increase. This study investigated the potential simulation-based mould growth risks associated with the current generation of insulated low-rise timber framed external wall systems within southeastern Australia. More than 8000 hygrothermal and bio-hygrothermal simulations were completed to evaluate seasonal moisture patterns and calculate mould growth potential for nine typical external wall systems. Results reveal that the combination of increased thermal insulation and air-tightness measures between the 2010 and 2022 specified building envelope energy efficiency regulations further increased predicted Mould Index values, particularly in cool-temperate climates. This was in part due to insufficient moisture management requirements, like an air space between the cladding and the weather resistive layer and/or the low-water vapour permeability of exterior weather resistive pliable membranes. By contrast, warmer temperate climates and drier cool-temperate climates exhibit consistently lower calculated Mould Index values. Despite the 2022 requirement for a greater water vapour-permeance of exterior pliable membranes, the external walls systems explored in this research had a higher calculated Mould Index than the 2010 regulatory compliant external wall systems. Lower air change rates significantly increased calculated interstitial mould growth risk, while the use of interior vapour control membranes proved effective in its mitigation for most external wall systems. The addition of ventilated cavity in combination with either or both an interior vapour control membrane and a highly vapour-permeable exterior pliable membranes further reduced risk. The findings underscore the need for tailored, climate-responsive design interventions to minimise surface and interstitial mould growth risk and building durability, whilst achieving high performance external wall systems. Full article
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