Energies

Editorial

4 pages, 1070 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

An Overview of the Topics of the Special Issue “The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis”

by Wael A. Altabey and Sallam A. Kouritem

Energies 2023, 16(8), 3357; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083357 - 11 Apr 2023

Viewed by 928

Abstract

Comprising a total of seven articles divided into five research articles, one review article, and one editorial article, this Special Issue is dedicated to new techniques for piezoelectric energy harvesting and its design, optimization, applications, and analysis [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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4 pages, 699 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis

by Wael A. Altabey and Sallam A. Kouritem

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6684; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186684 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1549

Abstract

The importance of energy harvesting is considered when harvesting the neglected ambient energy that graduated from different systems and dissipates around us, such as electromagnetic waves, heat, vibration, etc [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

17 pages, 6075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure-Circuit Resistor Integrated Design Optimization of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Considering Stress Constraints

by Taekyun Kim, Jihoon Kim and Tae Hee Lee

Energies 2023, 16(9), 3766; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093766 - 27 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1182

Abstract

A piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) transduces mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be utilized as an energy source for self-powered or low-power devices. Therefore, maximizing the power of a PEH is a crucial design objective. It is well known that structural designs [...] Read more.

A piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) transduces mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be utilized as an energy source for self-powered or low-power devices. Therefore, maximizing the power of a PEH is a crucial design objective. It is well known that structural designs are firstly conducted for controlling resonance characteristics, and then circuit designs are pursued through impedance matching for improving power. However, a PEH contains solid mechanics, electrostatics, and even a circuit-coupled multi-physics system. Therefore, this research aims to design a PEH considering a circuit-coupled multi-physics. As a design process, a conceptual design is developed by topology optimization, and a detailed design is developed sequentially by applying size optimization as a post-processing step to refine the conceptual design results for manufacturable design. In the two optimization processes, design optimizations of a structure coupled with circuit resistor are performed to maximize the power, where the electrical and mechanical interactions between PZT, substrate, and circuit resistor are simultaneously considered. Additionally, stress constraints are also added for structural safety to ensure operational life of PEH. As a result of the proposed design methodology, a manufacturable design of PEH having maximum power and operational life is obtained with power density of

6.61 μ {W g}^{- 2} {m m}^{- 3}

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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21 pages, 7040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Gyroscopes: Comparative Modeling and Effectiveness

by Manuel Serrano, Kevin Larkin, Sergei Tretiak and Abdessattar Abdelkefi

Energies 2023, 16(4), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042000 - 17 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

Given its versatility in drawing power from many sources in the natural world, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) has become increasingly popular. However, its energy harvesting capacities could be enhanced further. Here, a mathematical model that accurately simulates the dynamic behavior and energy harvested [...] Read more.

Given its versatility in drawing power from many sources in the natural world, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) has become increasingly popular. However, its energy harvesting capacities could be enhanced further. Here, a mathematical model that accurately simulates the dynamic behavior and energy harvested can facilitate further improvements in the performance of piezoelectric devices. One of the goals of this study is to create a dependable reduced-order model of a multi-purpose gyroscope. This model will make it possible to compute the harvested voltage and electrical power in a semi-analytical manner. The harvested voltage is often modeled as an average value across the whole electrode surface in piezoelectric devices. We propose a model which provides practical insights toward optimizing the performance of the system by considering a spatially varying electric field across the electrode surface length. Our framework allows investigation of the limits of applicability of the modeling assumptions across a range of load resistances. The differential quadrature method (DQM) provides the basis for the suggested numerical solution. The model is also employed to examine energy harvesting under various resistance loads. The newly developed spatially varying model is evaluated for open- and closed-circuit conditions and is proved to be accurate for various values of load resistance that have not previously been considered. The results show that using a spatially varying model is more versatile when modeling the performance of the piezoelectric multifunctional energy harvester. The performance may be accurately captured by the model for load resistances ranging between 10³ Ω and 10⁸ Ω. At optimum load resistance and near 65 KHz, the maximum power output predicted by the spatially varying (SV) model is 1.3 mV, 1.5 mV for the open-circuit (OC) model, and 2.1 mV for the closed circuit (CE) model. At a high-load resistance, the SV and OC models all predict the maximum power output to be 1.9 mV while the CE model predicted the maximum voltage to be 3 mV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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13 pages, 4044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Centrifugal Force on Power Output of a Spin-Coated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene)-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator

by Dong Geun Jeong, Huidrom Hemojit Singh, Mi Suk Kim and Jong Hoon Jung

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1892; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041892 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1390

Abstract

While poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) film is an excellent piezoelectric material for mechanical energy harvesting, the piezoelectric output varies considerably with the spin coating conditions. Herein, we reported a systematic evaluation of the structural, electrical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of spin-coated P(VDF-TrFE) films obtained [...] Read more.

While poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) film is an excellent piezoelectric material for mechanical energy harvesting, the piezoelectric output varies considerably with the spin coating conditions. Herein, we reported a systematic evaluation of the structural, electrical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of spin-coated P(VDF-TrFE) films obtained at various distances from the center, as well as under different rotational speeds. With increasing distance, the remnant polarization, dielectric constant, and crystallinity of the films increased, which resulted in enhanced piezoelectric power at the largest distance. With increasing rotational speed, the remnant polarization, dielectric constant, and crystallinity of the films initially increased and then decreased, while the Young’s modulus continuously increased. This resulted in an enhanced piezoelectric power at a given rotational speed. The piezoelectric power is proportional to the remnant polarization and inversely proportional to the Young’s modulus. The highest (2.1 mW) and lowest (0.5 mW) instantaneous powers were obtained at the largest (1.09 μC/cm²·GPa⁻¹) and smallest (0.60 μC/cm²·GPa⁻¹) value of remnant polarization over Young’s modulus, respectively. We explain these behaviors in terms of the centrifugal force-induced shear stress and grain alignment, as well as the thickness-dependent β-phase crystallization and confinement. This work implies that the spin coating conditions of distance and rotational speed should be optimized for the enhanced power output of spin-coated P(VDF-TrFE)-based piezoelectric nanogenerators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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46 pages, 25920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights on the Effects of Magnetic Forces on the Efficiency of Vibration Energy Harvesting Absorbers in Controlling Dynamical Systems

by Tyler Alvis, Mikhail Mesh and Abdessattar Abdelkefi

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031272 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1080

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of magnetic constraints on a piezoelectric energy harvesting absorber while simultaneously controlling a primary structure and harnessing energy. An accurate forcing representation of the magnetic force is investigated and developed. A reduced-order model is derived using the Euler–Lagrange [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effects of magnetic constraints on a piezoelectric energy harvesting absorber while simultaneously controlling a primary structure and harnessing energy. An accurate forcing representation of the magnetic force is investigated and developed. A reduced-order model is derived using the Euler–Lagrange principle, and the impact of the magnetic force is evaluated on the absorber’s static position and coupled natural frequency of the energy harvesting absorber and the coupled primary absorber system. The results show that attractive magnet configurations cannot improve the system substantially before pull-in occurs. A rigorous eigenvalue problem analysis is performed on the absorber’s substrate thickness and tip mass to effectively design an energy harvesting absorber for multiple initial gap sizes for the repulsive configurations. Then, the effects of the forcing amplitude on the primary structure absorber are studied and characterized by determining an effective design of the system for a simultaneous reduction in the primary structure’s motion and improvement in the harvester’s efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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22 pages, 13465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Harvesting in the Crane-Hoisting Mechanism

by Tomasz Haniszewski and Maria Cieśla

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249366 - 10 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1539

Abstract

The subject of the model research contained in this paper is an application of a motion energy–harvesting device on a crane-hoisting mechanism to power independent measurement devices. Numerical experiments focused on the selected motion energy–harvesting device (M-EHS) and its configuration properties in the [...] Read more.

The subject of the model research contained in this paper is an application of a motion energy–harvesting device on a crane-hoisting mechanism to power independent measurement devices. Numerical experiments focused on the selected motion energy–harvesting device (M-EHS) and its configuration properties in the context of energy-harvesting efficiency in the case of using it on a crane. The results of the computer simulations were limited to the initial specified conditions for the harvester and the movement of the conditions of the crane-hoisting mechanism. The article compares the energy efficiency for the selected construction and parameters of the harvester for specific hoisting speed and the arm length of the motion conversion system. For this purpose, the initial conditions for the crane and the configuration of parameters of the energy harvester were assumed. The results are visualized on the diagram of RMS voltage induced on piezoelectric elements, showing the impact of individual solutions of the proposed motion energy–harvesting device on the efficiency of energy harvesting. The results of the efficiency of the simulations show that the motion harvester ranges from 0.44 V to 14.22 V, depending on the speed of the crane-hoisting mechanism and the length of the arm of the motion conversion system. Still, the design allows for an adjustment to the given conditions by tuning up the M-EHS to a specified excitation frequency and working conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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20 pages, 3568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Automatic Resonance Tuning Technique for an Ultra-Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

by Sallam A. Kouritem, Muath A. Bani-Hani, Mohamed Beshir, Mohamed M. Y. B. Elshabasy and Wael A. Altabey

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7271; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197271 - 3 Oct 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2168

Abstract

The main drawback of energy harvesting using the piezoelectric direct effect is that the maximum electric power is generated at the fundamental resonance frequency. This can clearly be observed in the size and dimensions of the components of any particular energy harvester. In [...] Read more.

The main drawback of energy harvesting using the piezoelectric direct effect is that the maximum electric power is generated at the fundamental resonance frequency. This can clearly be observed in the size and dimensions of the components of any particular energy harvester. In this paper, we are investigating a new proposed energy harvesting device that employs the Automatic Resonance Tuning (ART) technique to enhance the energy harvesting mechanism. The proposed harvester is composed of a cantilever beam and sliding masse with varying locations. ART automatically adjusts the energy harvester’s natural frequency according to the ambient vibration natural frequency. The ART energy harvester modifies the natural frequency of the harvester using the motion of the mobile (sliding) mass. An analytical model of the proposed model is presented. The investigation is conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM). THE FEM COMSOL model is successfully validated using previously published experimental results. The results of the FEM were compared with the experimental and analytical results. The validated model is then used to demonstrate the displacement profile, the output voltage response, and the natural frequency for the harvester at different mass positions. The bandwidth of the ART harvester (17 Hz) is found to be 1130% larger compared to the fixed resonance energy harvester. It is observed that the proposed broadband design provides a high-power density of 0.05 mW mm⁻³. The piezoelectric dimensions and load resistance are also optimized to maximize the output voltage output power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

35 pages, 6080 KiB

Open AccessReview

Energy Harvesting from Fluid Flow Using Piezoelectric Materials: A Review

by Areeba Naqvi, Ahsan Ali, Wael A. Altabey and Sallam A. Kouritem

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7424; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197424 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7350

Abstract

Energy harvesting from piezoelectric materials is quite common and has been studied for the past few decades, but, recently, there have been a lot of new advancements in harnessing electrical energy via piezoelectric materials. In this regard, several studies were carried out in [...] Read more.

Energy harvesting from piezoelectric materials is quite common and has been studied for the past few decades, but, recently, there have been a lot of new advancements in harnessing electrical energy via piezoelectric materials. In this regard, several studies were carried out in electrochemistry and fluid flow. Furthermore, consideration of productive and valuable resources is important to meet the needs of power generation. For this purpose, energy harvesting from fluids such as wind and water is significant and must be implemented on a large scale. So, developing self-powering devices can resolve the problem like that, and piezoelectric materials are gaining interest day by day because these materials help in energy generation. This review paper discusses different techniques for harnessing energy from fluid flows using piezoelectric materials. In addition, various vibration-based energy-harvesting mechanisms for improving the efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesters have also been investigated and their opportunities and challenges identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The New Techniques for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Design, Optimization, Applications, and Analysis)

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