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Unconventional Hydrogen Applications and Systems
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Unconventional Hydrogen Applications and Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1949

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arash Badakhsh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Power Networks Demonstration Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
Interests: hydrogen; ammonia; decarbonization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The energy sector is transitioning to use hydrogen as the main vector to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen is a promising molecule that can store energy with a high density (33.33 kWh/kg by lower heating value). However, what happens to all the fossil fuel resources we are left with? And where can we actually apply hydrogen to replace fossil fuels?

To attempt to answer these significant questions, this platform mainly aims to collect and report data from unconventional and novel applications of hydrogens, including disruptive systems for hydrogen production from unconventional sources of energy like nuclear, hydropower, tidal and wave energy. Moreover, the application of hydrogen for decarbonising underrated but highly emitting sectors like domestic, aviation, etc. requires further investigation before large-scale deployment. This special issue is a great opportunity for novel industrial projects on the feasibility of unconventional hydrogen applications and systems. Some of the areas of interest are, but not limited to:

  • Production of carbon-free hydrogen from hydrocarbon resources
  • Electrification of oil and gas for low-to-zero-carbon hydrogen production
  • Using novel renewable energy sources like tidal and wave energy, hydropower, and nuclear
  • Hydrogen for decarbonisation of domestic emissions
  • Electrochemical systems for ammonia synthesis and processing

Dr. Arash Badakhsh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • hydrocarbons
  • ammonia
  • renewable electricity
  • decarbonisation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

51 pages, 11117 KiB  
Review
Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines
by Grzegorz Szamrej and Mirosław Karczewski
Energies 2024, 17(7), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071525 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the selected properties of HCNG fuel calculations and a literature review of the other fuels that allow the storage of ecologically produced hydrogen. Hydrogen has the most significant CO2 reduction potential of all known fuels. [...] Read more.
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the selected properties of HCNG fuel calculations and a literature review of the other fuels that allow the storage of ecologically produced hydrogen. Hydrogen has the most significant CO2 reduction potential of all known fuels. However, its transmission in pure form is still problematic, and its use as a component of fuels modified by it has now become an issue of interest for researchers. Many types of hydrogen-enriched fuels have been invented. However, this article will describe the reasons why HCNG may be the hydrogen-enriched fuel of the future and why internal combustion (IC) piston engines working on two types of fuel could be the future method of using it. CO2 emissions are currently a serious problem in protecting the Earth’s natural climate. However, secondarily, power grid stabilization with a large share of electricity production from renewable energy sources must be stabilized with very flexible sources—as flexible as multi-fuel IC engines. Their use is becoming an essential element of the electricity power systems of Western countries, and there is a chance to use fuels with zero or close to zero CO2 emissions, like e-fuels and HCNG. Dual-fuel engines have become an effective way of using these types of fuels efficiently; therefore, in this article, the parameters of hydrogen-enriched fuel selected in terms of relevance to the use of IC engines are considered. Inaccuracies found in the literature analysis are discussed, and the essential properties of HCNG and its advantages over other hydrogen-rich fuels are summarized in terms of its use in dual-fuel (DF) IC engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Hydrogen Applications and Systems)
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14 pages, 2056 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia via Nitrogen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions—A Comprehensive Review on Electrolyte-Supported Cells
by Hizkia Manuel Vieri, Moo-Chang Kim, Arash Badakhsh and Sun Hee Choi
Energies 2024, 17(2), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020441 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
The application of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) for ammonia (NH3) synthesis has been evaluated over the past 14 years. While nitrogen (N2) is the conventional fuel on the cathode side, various fuels such as methane (CH4), [...] Read more.
The application of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs) for ammonia (NH3) synthesis has been evaluated over the past 14 years. While nitrogen (N2) is the conventional fuel on the cathode side, various fuels such as methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and steam (H2O) have been investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode side. Because H2 is predominantly produced through CO2-emitting methane reforming, H2O has been the conventional carbon-free option thus far. Although the potential of utilizing H2O and N2 as fuels is considerable, studies exploring this specific combination remain limited. PCEC fabrication technologies are being developed extensively, thus necessitating a comprehensive review. Several strategies for electrode fabrication, deposition, and electrolyte design are discussed herein. The progress in electrode development for PCECs has also been delineated. Finally, the existing challenges and prospective outlook of PCEC for NH3 synthesis are analyzed and discussed. The most significant finding is the lack of past research involving PCEC with H2O and N2 as fuel configurations and the diversity of nitrogen reduction reaction catalysts. This review indicates that the maximum NH3 synthesis rate is 14 × 10−9 mol cm−2 s−1, and the maximum current density for the OER catalyst is 1.241 A cm−2. Moreover, the pellet electrolyte thickness must be maintained at approximately 0.8–1.5 mm, and the stability of thin-film electrolytes must be improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unconventional Hydrogen Applications and Systems)
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