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Energies
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Insulation Challenges in High-Voltage Transformers: Overcoming Barriers
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Insulation Challenges in High-Voltage Transformers: Overcoming Barriers

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F6: High Voltage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2025 | Viewed by 917

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hongshun Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
2. Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of UHV Transmission Technology and Equipments, #17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: the modeling and simulation for power system electromagnetic transient processes; overvoltage and insulation coordination; arc discharge theory and its application (secondary arc and switching arc in UHV power system), etc.
Dr. Haoxi Cong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Interests: advanced power transmission and transformation technology; intellectualization of power equipment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to attract original research papers and review articles. The scope covers insulation challenges in high-voltage transformers, including experimental, computational (including simulation and modelling), and theoretical studies, such as:

Electrical Insulation

Outdoor, indoor, solid, and liquid insulation;
Nano-dielectrics and new insulation materials;
Condition monitoring and maintenance.

Discharge and Plasma and Pulsed Power

Electrical discharge, plasma generation and applications;
The interactions of plasma with surfaces.

High-Field Effects

Computation and measurements of intensive electromagnetic field;
Electromagnetic compatibility;
Environmental effects and protection.

High-Voltage Engineering

Design problems, testing and measuring techniques;
Equipment development and asset management;
Live line working;
AC/DC power electronics;
UHV power transmission.

Dr. Hongshun Liu
Dr. Haoxi Cong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrical insulation
  • discharge and plasma
  • pulsed power
  • high-field effects
  • high-voltage engineering

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 11902 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency in High-Voltage Ozone Generators: Resonant Versus Non-Resonant Systems
by Tongpian Prombud, Ekkapol Anusurain, Chainarong Wisassakwichai and Choosak Kamonkhantithorn
Energies 2025, 18(8), 2124; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18082124 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 252
Abstract
The effective generation of ozone by high-voltage systems is essential for several industrial and environmental purposes. This paper performs a thorough comparative examination of energy efficiency in ozone generators, emphasizing resonant and non-resonant systems. Resonant ozone generators, which utilize tuned electrical circuits for [...] Read more.
The effective generation of ozone by high-voltage systems is essential for several industrial and environmental purposes. This paper performs a thorough comparative examination of energy efficiency in ozone generators, emphasizing resonant and non-resonant systems. Resonant ozone generators, which utilize tuned electrical circuits for optimal efficiency, are assessed in comparison to non-resonant systems that function without frequency tuning. The comparison analysis includes measures like energy use, ozone generation, and overall system efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate considerable differences in energy consumption between the two generator types, with resonant systems exhibiting substantially more efficiency in the conversion of electrical power into ozone. The resonant systems, producing 120 g/kWh, demonstrate 50% greater efficiency than the non-resonant systems, which generate 80 g/kWh, in terms of ozone production per unit of energy. This study clarifies the operational features, benefits, and drawbacks of each system, offering essential insights for the advancement of ozone-generating technologies in diverse applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulation Challenges in High-Voltage Transformers: Overcoming Barriers)
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16 pages, 502 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Assessment of Transformer Oil After Thermal Aging: Modeling for Simultaneous Evaluation of Electrical and Chemical Characteristics
by Sifeddine Abdi, Noureddine Harid, Besseri Boubaker Achraf, Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad and Ahmed Boubakeur
Energies 2025, 18(8), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081915 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 294
Abstract
This paper reports the results of an experimental study that examines the impact of thermal aging on the electrical and chemical properties of insulating oil used in power transformers. Transformer-oil samples were thermally aged over a 5000 h period at different temperatures varying [...] Read more.
This paper reports the results of an experimental study that examines the impact of thermal aging on the electrical and chemical properties of insulating oil used in power transformers. Transformer-oil samples were thermally aged over a 5000 h period at different temperatures varying between 80 °C and 140 °C, replicating both normal and extreme operating conditions. Measurements of breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor, acidity, and water content were taken at 500 h intervals. A novel approach of this research is the integration of these electrical and chemical characteristics into a comprehensive exponential regression analysis model. The results indicate that breakdown voltage and resistivity decrease with aging time, whereas the dielectric dissipation factor, acidity, and water content increase with aging time. The degradation trends computed by the proposed model show close correlation with both electrical and chemical properties, with correlation coefficients generally equal to or exceeding 90%, which demonstrates its reliability in predicting aging behavior of transformer oil. This integrated approach offers valuable insights into the combined electrical and chemical degradation processes due to thermal aging and assists in the condition assessment of power transformers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulation Challenges in High-Voltage Transformers: Overcoming Barriers)
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26 pages, 16054 KiB  
Article
Online Monitoring of Partial Discharges in Large Power Transformers Using Ultra-High Frequency and Acoustic Emission Methods: Case Studies
by Wojciech Sikorski and Jaroslaw Gielniak
Energies 2025, 18(7), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071718 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 336
Abstract
Partial discharges (PDs) are one of the leading causes of catastrophic power transformer failures. To prevent such failures, online PD monitoring systems are increasingly being implemented. In this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a case study analysis of short-term PD [...] Read more.
Partial discharges (PDs) are one of the leading causes of catastrophic power transformer failures. To prevent such failures, online PD monitoring systems are increasingly being implemented. In this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a case study analysis of short-term PD monitoring is presented for the first time using a combination of acoustic emission and ultra-high-frequency methods. Studies have shown that this approach, supported by selected statistical methods for analyzing the convergence (such as the confusion matrix and agreement metrics) of acoustic and electromagnetic pulse detection, improves the reliability of PD detection. Furthermore, it was shown that short-term PD monitoring enables the identification of time windows during which discharges occur periodically and the determination of the transformer phase containing the PD source. This, in turn, facilitates the application of the time difference of arrival (TDoA) technique for the precise localization of transformer insulation defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulation Challenges in High-Voltage Transformers: Overcoming Barriers)
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