Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Potential: Impacts of Habitat Fragmentation

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Biogeography and Macroecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1470

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Interests: population and conservation genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genetic diversity determines evolutionary potential. Without a variable genome, natural selection cannot occur. Habitat fragmentation is the single largest threat to global biodiversity as it reduces or eliminates gene flow among populations, thereby increasing the erosion of genetic diversity through the process of random genetic drift. The loss of adaptive capacity due to drift in small isolated populations is irreversible without gene flow and ensuing genetic rescue. Additionally without habitat connectivity, populations cannot expand or contract into refugia, which is increasingly important under climate change. The synergism between climate change and habitat fragmentation will send many species into an extinction vortex. This Special Issue will provide a deep dive into the effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on movement patterns, population genetic structure and the maintenance of genetic variation using examples from a diversity of organisms across the globe. We seek to profile species, ecosystems, and ecoregions most impacted by habitat fragmentation, as well as where global climate change is likely to accelerate the loss of biodiversity.

Prof. Dr. Mary M. Peacock
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • habitat fragmentation
  • habitat connectivity
  • gene flow
  • dispersal
  • evolutionary potential
  • adaptive capacity
  • random genetic drift
  • genetic rescue

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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36 pages, 9863 KiB  
Review
Negotiating a Fragmented World: What Do We Know, How Do We Know It, and Where Do We Go from Here?
by Mary M. Peacock
Diversity 2025, 17(3), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17030200 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1194
Abstract
Genetic diversity determines evolutionary potential. Without a variable genome, natural selection cannot act. Habitat fragmentation is the single largest threat to global biodiversity, as it reduces or eliminates gene flow among populations, thereby increasing the erosion of genetic diversity through random genetic drift. [...] Read more.
Genetic diversity determines evolutionary potential. Without a variable genome, natural selection cannot act. Habitat fragmentation is the single largest threat to global biodiversity, as it reduces or eliminates gene flow among populations, thereby increasing the erosion of genetic diversity through random genetic drift. The loss of adaptive capacity in small, isolated populations is irreversible without gene flow and the ensuing genetic rescue. Without habitat connectivity, populations cannot expand or contract into refugia, an increasingly vital capacity under climate change. Here, I review what we have learned from organisms found in naturally fragmented landscapes. Metapopulation theory has played a seminal role in this goal. However, extending this theory to anthropogenically fragmented habitats has been a challenge. Single-species approaches cannot elucidate the impacts of habitat fragmentation on entire communities, composed of species with diverse interactions—mutualisms, facilitations and predator–prey dynamics—and proper ecosystem functioning. To overcome the limitation of single-species studies, metacommunity and metaecosystem ideas have emerged. The spatial extent and configuration of habitat patches will determine which species remain in altered landscapes. Changes to species interactions, community structure and ecosystem processes will follow. Ecosystem function determines ecosystem viability, and losses of keystone or foundation species will have cascading effects. Genomic tools can track the effect of landscape changes on population and movement dynamics, the maintenance of genetic resources and the persistence probabilities of individual species in the context of the communities in which they are embedded. Landscape genetics combines landscape features and population genetics to quantify how species use diverse landscapes and is now a powerful tool to assess the causes and consequences of habitat fragmentation for interacting species in fragmented ecosystems. Full article
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