Undersea Refuges: Functional Ecology and Biodiversity of Coral Reef Ecosystems

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 537

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias, UMDI-Sisal, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Sisal, Mexico
Interests: coral; biodiversity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coral reefs worldwide are under ever-increasing stress from local pressures such as fishing, coastal modification, and pollution, as well as thermal stress associated with global climate change. These pressures often act synergistically, modifying coral reef dynamics over time and leading to changes in reef functions and biodiversity. This includes the loss of live coral cover, decreased reef calcification, loss of refuge for associated species, and alterations in herbivory and bioerosion dynamics, among other impacts. This Special Issue focuses on two main areas. First, it aims to compile studies of coral reef functions and biodiversity that are preserved in particularly resistant or resilient reefs, which may be relatively isolated systems or simply more robust than other nearby reefs. Second, it will include contributions that compare and analyze the changes in these functions and biodiversity in reefs under significant pressure over time. These functions can be measured or estimated using indices (e.g., Reef Functional Index), indicators (such as community structure, species assemblages, and fish biomass), or ecological and geological properties like refuge (rugosity and geomorphology), calcification, and herbivory. Data will be obtained through a variety of methods, including in situ data collection, underwater photogrammetry, and remote sensing.

Dr. Joaquín Rodrigo Garza Pérez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • coral
  • biodiversity
  • ecology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 17251 KB  
Article
Spatial Prioritization for the Zonation of a Reef System in a New Remote Marine Protected Area in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
by Juan Emanuel Frías-Vega, Rodolfo Rioja-Nieto, Erick Barrera-Falcón, Carlos Cruz-Vázquez and Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip
Diversity 2025, 17(10), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100708 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots that provide essential ecological and environmental services but are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Effective conservation of reef systems within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can be enhanced using spatially explicit approaches that integrate habitat [...] Read more.
Coral reef ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots that provide essential ecological and environmental services but are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Effective conservation of reef systems within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can be enhanced using spatially explicit approaches that integrate habitat mapping and ecological metrics at seascape scales. In this study, we characterized the benthic seascape of Cayo Arenas and identified optimal priority conservation zones in one of the core zones of the recently established Southern Gulf of Mexico Reefs National Park (SGMRNP). In July 2023, ground-truthing was performed to quantify the cover of sand, calcareous matrix, macroalgae, hard corals and octocorals. Cluster analysis of quantitative data and ecological similarity between classes was used to identify the main benthic habitat classes. Object-based and supervised classification algorithms on a PlanetScope image were used to construct a thematic map of the benthic reef system. Based on the thematic map, habitat connectivity, β-diversity, patch compactness, and availability for commercial species were estimated. In addition, a benthic change analysis (2017–2013), based on the spectral characteristics of PlanetScope images, was performed. The layers obtained were then used to perform an iterative weighted overlay analysis (WOA) using 126 combinations. Six main habitat classes, with different coverages of hard corals, calcareous matrix, macroalgae, and sand, were identified. Habitats with calcareous matrix and sandy substrates dominated the seascape. High habitat compactness, connectivity, and β-diversity values were observed, suggesting habitat stability and ecologically dynamic areas. Based on the WOA, eight optimal priority areas for conservation were recognized. These areas are characterized by heterogeneous habitats, moderate coral cover, and high connectivity. We provide a spatially explicit approach that can strengthen conservation planning within the SGMRNP and other MPAs, particularly by assisting zonation and sub-zonation processes. Full article
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