Evolution of Morphology in Reptiles

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 5417

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: allometry; comparative anatomy; evolutionary biology; osteology; snakes

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Guest Editor
Department of Palaeozoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: evolutionary biology; paleontology; zoology; evo-devo; osteology; phylogenetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in the methods used to study animal morphology have opened a new era in anatomical research. They enable the observation and analysis of anatomical structures in unprecedented detail. However, ‘old-school’ morphological methods, such as the simple observation of specimens, are still providing very important contributions to the field.

Reptiles are an extremely diverse group, containing over 11,000 living species (this figure does not include another 11,000 species that are the direct descendants of reptiles—birds) and a fossil record that spans far beyond 300 million years. It is thus no surprise that they are emerging as a model group to study the evolution of morphology. Numerous independent losses of limbs, origins of viviparity, returns to aquatic habitats—to name just a few fascinating topics—and the morphological changes associated with these transitions are still in need of being studied.

This Special Issue on the “Evolution of Morphology in Reptiles” seeks to provide a collection of articles that explore this topic from different perspectives, from ‘classical’, neontological anatomy, through paleontology, to the study of developmental processes that underlie this huge diversity of morphologies that we can observe in reptiles.

Dr. Bartosz Borczyk
Dr. Tomasz Skawiński
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • adaptations
  • anatomy
  • comparative anatomy
  • development
  • eco-morphology
  • evolution
  • fossils
  • morphology
  • osteology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 12418 KiB  
Article
Variation in the Jaw Musculature of Ratsnakes and Their Allies (Serpentes: Colubridae)
by Bartosz Borczyk and Tomasz Skawiński
Diversity 2023, 15(5), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050628 - 5 May 2023
Viewed by 1992
Abstract
Snakes have a highly modified feeding apparatus. However, its associated musculature is often poorly known. In order to study variation in the cephalic musculature, we dissected specimens representing 28 snake species belonging to the New World clade Lampropeltini and their Old World relatives. [...] Read more.
Snakes have a highly modified feeding apparatus. However, its associated musculature is often poorly known. In order to study variation in the cephalic musculature, we dissected specimens representing 28 snake species belonging to the New World clade Lampropeltini and their Old World relatives. The observed variation was analysed using a phylogenetic framework. We found that the pattern of their musculature is conservative. We observed no interspecific variation in the intermandibular muscles or in the posterior jaw adductors. Variation within the dorsal constrictors and lateral jaw adductors is relatively low. This could be explained by morphological (space) limitations and functional constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Morphology in Reptiles)
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Review

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10 pages, 3412 KiB  
Review
Evolution of Diversity in the Auditory Papillae of Reptiles
by Geoffrey A. Manley
Diversity 2023, 15(6), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060730 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2613
Abstract
The independent origins of middle ears in testudinates, lepidosaurs, and archosaurs in the Triassic led to lineage-specific developments in their auditory epithelia. In comparison to the inferred ancestral state, little changed in testudinates, but archosaurs and most lepidosaurs evolved longer, differentiated auditory papillae. [...] Read more.
The independent origins of middle ears in testudinates, lepidosaurs, and archosaurs in the Triassic led to lineage-specific developments in their auditory epithelia. In comparison to the inferred ancestral state, little changed in testudinates, but archosaurs and most lepidosaurs evolved longer, differentiated auditory papillae. In archosaurs, sensory hair cells specialized across and along the papillae, resulting in mainly sensory tall hair cells and mainly mechanically active short hair cells. Crocodilians have 5 mm-long papillae, but relatively low upper frequency limits at around 4 kHz. Avian papillae are mostly 3 to 5 mm in length, being shorter in small species; in owls they exceptionally reach almost 12 mm and have an upper limit of above 10 kHz. Lepidosaurs retained the ancestral papilla as a low-frequency responsive area with one type of hair cell, but most added newly evolved areas (of max. 2 mm length) consisting of oppositely oriented hair cells responding to frequencies above 1 kHz. Initially, these areas flanked both ends of the ancestral area and were redundant in their responses to sound. The evolution of specific configurations in most families eliminated this redundancy, but the paths taken resulted in diverse anatomies that show high degrees of family specificity. Despite these differences, the high-frequency hearing limit of lepidosaurs rarely exceeds 5 kHz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Morphology in Reptiles)
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