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Dentistry Journal
Special Issues
Oral Health and Dysbiosis
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Oral Health and Dysbiosis

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2026) | Viewed by 8451

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vinayak Joshi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Centre, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
Interests: oral microbiology; oral health; dentistry; periodontology; periodontal microbiology; periodontal systemic inter-relationship; diabetes
Dr. Eswar Kandaswamy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Centre, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
Interests: periodontics; implant dentistry
Prof. Dr. Dileep Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; stem cells; tissue engineering; dental implants; periodontal disease; oral cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral health is in a dynamic equilibrium maintained by complex interactions interplaying between the host and the oral microbiome, comprising approximately 700 species of various bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus and archaea. The inter-species interaction and the immune response of the host can cause a shift in this equilibrium, resulting in a dysbiotic state, and trigger the onset of oral diseases.

The oral microbial interaction and dysbiosis can affect the host immune response through the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways via complex cascades involving cytokines, immune receptors, antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. The extent of the host response is infuenced by the host’s autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors along with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and malignancies of head and neck. This complex oral microbial interaction and dysbiosis is also known to affect host immune response via the activation and dysregulation of cytokines, autoantigens, immune modulation and activation of immune receptors. Currently, this field is abundant with advances in research seeking to understand oral health and dysbiosis with evidence not just from preclinical and clinical studies but also with data from metagenomic and OMICS studies.

We feel it is the need to the hour to gather more evidence to further explore oral health, dysbiosis and novel techniques to modulate bacteria, host response and prevent disease. In this Special Issue, we invite papers which include clinical trials, cross-sectional examinations, and longitudinal studies, along with scoping, narrative and systematic reviews dealing with oral health and dysbiosis.

Dr. Vinayak Joshi
Dr. Eswar Kandaswamy
Prof. Dr. Dileep Sharma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Dentistry Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral health
  • oral dysbiosis
  • host–microbe interactions
  • oral microbiome
  • oral biofilm
  • periodontitis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 452 KB  
Article
The Effect of Cotinus coggygria Mouthwash on Halitosis and Oral Hygiene in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Angeliki Granika, Konstantinos Karamesinis, Ioulia-Maria Mylonopoulou, Antigoni Alexiou and Iosif Sifakakis
Dent. J. 2026, 14(5), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14050266 - 4 May 2026
Viewed by 232
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Tree) Flower Water mouthwash in reducing halitosis and improving oral hygiene parameters among adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted with 30 individuals [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Tree) Flower Water mouthwash in reducing halitosis and improving oral hygiene parameters among adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted with 30 individuals undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Participants were allocated (1:1) into two groups: Group A received the Cotinus coggygria mouthwash, while Group B received the placebo mouthwash. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration in breath, measured by the OralChromaTM II device, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S] and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) levels, assessed with the same device, and oral hygiene status evaluated using the Modified Silness & Löe Plaque (PI-M) as well as the Silness & Löe Gingival (GI) indices. Normality of the data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and Student’s t-test. Results: A statistically significant reduction in H2S levels was observed in the C. coggygria group compared to placebo (p = 0.014). Median H2S levels decreased from 147.00 ppb at baseline (T0) to 35.00 ppb at follow-up (T1) after 2 weeks. A statistically significant reduction in total VSC levels was also observed in the C. coggygria group compared to placebo (p < 0.001). Median total VSC levels decreased from 254.00 ppb at baseline (T0) to 105.00 ppb at follow-up (T1) after 2 weeks. No significant differences were found between groups for the other volatile sulfur compounds. A Significant improvements were noted in periodontal parameters in favor of the C. coggygria group. The Gingival Index decreased from 2.0 to 1.3 (p < 0.001; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.2), and the Plaque Index (PI-M) decreased from 1.6 to 1.0 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.3). Conclusions: Cotinus coggygria mouthwash appeared to be an effective adjunct for managing halitosis and improving oral hygiene parameters in adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. No adverse effects were reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dysbiosis)
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15 pages, 1195 KB  
Article
Impact of Tooth Loss on Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study Bridging Oral and Cardiovascular Health
by Corina Cinezan, Camelia Bianca Rus, Alexandra Cinezan and Gabriela Ciavoi
Dent. J. 2025, 13(12), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120602 - 15 Dec 2025
Viewed by 998
Abstract
Background: Oral health and cardiovascular disease share common inflammatory pathways, yet the relationship between tooth loss and post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the association between tooth loss and heart failure among patients with acute MI. Methods: In this [...] Read more.
Background: Oral health and cardiovascular disease share common inflammatory pathways, yet the relationship between tooth loss and post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the association between tooth loss and heart failure among patients with acute MI. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with documented MI were evaluated for tooth loss, cardiac function, and comorbidities. Heart failure was defined as an ejection fraction <40% or clinical diagnosis. Patients were categorized by tooth loss (0–8, 9–20, >20 missing teeth). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of heart failure. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The prevalence of heart failure was 38%. Mean ejection fraction declined progressively with greater tooth loss (50.1%, 44.8%, and 38.4% across the three categories; p for trend <0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, and smoking, severe tooth loss (>20 missing teeth) remained independently associated with heart failure (adjusted OR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.15–5.23; p = 0.02). The final model demonstrated good discriminative ability (AUC = 0.78). Conclusions: Extensive tooth loss is strongly associated with heart failure among MI patients, suggesting a potential link between oral health deterioration and adverse cardiac remodeling. Integrating dental assessment into cardiovascular care may enhance risk stratification and promote holistic prevention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dysbiosis)
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11 pages, 621 KB  
Article
Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria
by Hawaabi F. M. Shaikh, Pratima U. Oswal, Manohar Suresh Kugaji, Sandeep S. Katti, Kishore Gajanan Bhat, Eswar Kandaswamy and Vinayak M. Joshi
Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040105 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2909
Abstract
Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased [...] Read more.
Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased patients and their association with clinical parameters and with red complex bacteria. The study included 60 subjects, with 30 patients each in the healthy and periodontitis groups. The clinical parameters were noted, and samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. Results: F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). D. pneumosintes was significantly associated with T. forsythia in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Both of these organisms were present in sites with higher clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in periodontitis subjects and were detected more frequently in sites with a greater clinical attachment loss. It was also evident that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes can be present independently of other putative periodontal pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dysbiosis)
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Review

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19 pages, 540 KB  
Review
Association Between Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review
by Alain Manuel Chaple-Gil, Meylin Santiesteban-Velázquez and Joaquín Juan Urbizo Vélez
Dent. J. 2025, 13(6), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13060227 - 22 May 2025
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that oral microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of systemic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. This dysregulation promotes immunoinflammatory responses that are increasingly associated with dementia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between oral microbiota dysbiosis [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that oral microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of systemic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. This dysregulation promotes immunoinflammatory responses that are increasingly associated with dementia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between oral microbiota dysbiosis and the risk of dementia in older adults. Methods: Eligible studies evaluated oral microbial composition using validated methods such as genetic sequencing, bacterial culture, or metagenomic analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines and a PICO framework, the review included cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. Searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers screened and selected studies, resolving disagreements through a third evaluator. Results: This systematic review revealed that Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Fusobacteriota, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Candida spp. were consistently associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment, indicating their potential role in neurodegeneration. In contrast, Streptococcus gordonii, Gemella haemolysans, Rothia, Neisseria, and Haemophilus were reduced in cognitively impaired individuals, suggesting a link with healthy cognition. Studies also showed decreased microbial diversity in Alzheimer’s disease and the possible modifying effect of the APOE4 allele. Oral health interventions improved microbial composition and slowed cognitive decline, supporting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of oral microbiota modulation. Conclusions: The findings suggest that oral microbiota dysbiosis may not only result from cognitive decline but also contribute to its pathogenesis. Future studies with larger and more diverse cohorts are recommended to validate these associations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dysbiosis)
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