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Crystals
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Crystallisation of Materials from Solution, Vapour and Melt
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Crystallisation of Materials from Solution, Vapour and Melt

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Crystallization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (6 January 2021) | Viewed by 5733

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ranko Vrcelj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, UK
Interests: crystallisation of organic materials; solution, vapour and melt growth; phase transformations; structure/property relations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While we all strive to develop new and exciting ways to manufacture known and novel crystal structures, it must not be forgotten that the vast majority of crystals grow from solution, vapour or melt. This is true whether the process is industrial, biological or geological. These processes, whilst now familiar to the community, can still surprise and give new insights into how crystals grow.

For example, it is understood that there is a relationship between nucleation and the polymorphic phase in organic crystals, but what is that relationship? With nucleation manipulation in mind, crystal growers can raise their heads and claim to have been the first true nano-technologists.

Similarly, it must not be forgotten that the current surge of interest in additive manufacturing was pre-empted by the activities of the pioneers of vapour-phase methods of semiconductor growth. It might even be claimed that nature pre-empted everyone, by manufacturing so many delightful and useful crystal structures from the vapour, melt and solution phases.

As workhorses of crystallisation, these traditional methods deserve to have their moment in the sun. This Special Issue of Crystals will highlight the fact that what we now consider ordinary from a crystallisation perspective is still an extraordinary process.

We invite researchers to contribute to this Special Issue on "Crystallisation from Solution, Vapour and Melt", which is intended to serve as a unique forum, covering broad aspects of the science, technology and the application of crystallisation from solution, vapour and melt.

Dr. Ranko Vrcelj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nucleation and growth
  • Solvated structures
  • Polymorphic changes
  • Morphology and habit modification
  • Crystal growth of materials
  • Process control and scale up
  • Industrial crystallisation
  • Biological crystallisation
  • Geological crystallisation.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4335 KiB  
Article
Study on the Visualization of Transport and Crystallization of Salt Solution in Simulated Wall Painting
by Wendi Yu, Lu Yang, Jing Zhao and Hongjie Luo
Crystals 2022, 12(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030351 - 4 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
The transport and crystallization processes of chromogenic 5.0% CuSO4 solution in the supporting body and coarse plaster of simulated wall painting samples were observed. A scanning electron microscope a and self-designed double-layer surface contact internal pressure method were used to test, respectively, [...] Read more.
The transport and crystallization processes of chromogenic 5.0% CuSO4 solution in the supporting body and coarse plaster of simulated wall painting samples were observed. A scanning electron microscope a and self-designed double-layer surface contact internal pressure method were used to test, respectively, the micro-morphologies of salt crystals in different regions and the micro-forces on the contact surfaces during the spread and crystallization of water and salt solution. The results demonstrate that the salt crystals formed by the CuSO4 solution on the surface of the simulated wall painting showed two different shapes: a salt belt formed by clustered crystals, and a layer of salt crust. The difference was speculated to be related to the crystals’ growth conditions. The destructive effect of salt solution and salt crystals on wall paintings manifested itself by weakening the connectivity between different materials, and changing the volume and morphology of the wall paintings. Using the double-layer surface contact internal pressure method, the forces generated by the salt solution and salt crystals on the simulated wall paintings were demonstrated to be adsorption force, expansion force generated by the crystals’ precipitation and growth, and suction force resulting from water loss and the shrinkage of crystals. The expansion force and suction force were not in a stable state, resulting in the contact surfaces continuously bending and stretching. Compared with pure water, salt solution can aggravate damage to the stability of wall paintings. This analysis of the transport, crystallization and micro-forces of a chromogenic salt solution in simulated wall painting samples can provide a scientific basis for studying the general patterns of damage caused by soluble salt to wall paintings during its transport and crystallization, and provide insight that can further the protection of cultural relics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallisation of Materials from Solution, Vapour and Melt)
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14 pages, 8064 KiB  
Article
Migration, Distribution, and Crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 Solutions in Three Different Media
by Jing Zhao, Hongjie Luo and Xiao Huang
Crystals 2020, 10(6), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060444 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3203
Abstract
Salt damage is one of the most common and serious diseases in silicate cultural relics. In this research, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), automatic high-speed X-ray microtomography imaging, polarized light microscopy, and ultra-depth of field microscopy were applied to investigate the migration, [...] Read more.
Salt damage is one of the most common and serious diseases in silicate cultural relics. In this research, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), automatic high-speed X-ray microtomography imaging, polarized light microscopy, and ultra-depth of field microscopy were applied to investigate the migration, distribution, and crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 on the surface of hydrophilic media, glass capillaries, and porous SiO2 materials, respectively. The results show that these two salts have different crystal growth behaviors in the same medium. NaCl grows in a granular form on the surface of hydrophilic medium and generally crystallizes outside the glass capillary tube, whereas Na2SO4 grows in a circular ring and always crystallizes inside, and some bubbles can be seen clearly in the hydrophilic medium. Meanwhile, different from NaCl, which is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of SiO2 sample, the migration of the Na2SO4 solution is distributed in the whole sample, and crystals accumulate on the interior of the sample surface. The different crystallization behaviors of salts are speculated to be related to damage conditions such as efflorescence and mural blisters in silicate cultural relics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallisation of Materials from Solution, Vapour and Melt)
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