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Crystals
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Advanced High-Strength Steel
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Advanced High-Strength Steel

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2025 | Viewed by 4082

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Binbin Wu

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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: steel; phase transformation; crystallography; EBSD; bainite; martensite; mechanical properties
Dr. Xuelin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: low-alloy steel; stainless steel; welding; physical metallurgical behavior
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiangyu Xu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Center for Advanced Solidification Technology (CAST), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
Interests: special steel; phase transformation; recrystallization; microstructure characterization; mechanical properties; atmospheric corrosion; inclusion modification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yishuang Yu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: steel; phase transformation; mechanical properties; crystallography; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced high-strength steel stands as a cornerstone material that powers innovation and progress across numerous industries. From automotive manufacturing to aerospace engineering, and from structural buildings to precision machinery, its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and enhanced properties have revolutionized the way we design and build.

In recognition of this vital role, we are excited to announce the publication of a Special Issue dedicated to "Advanced High-strength Steel". This initiative aims to bring together the brightest minds in the field to share their latest research, insights, and applications.

This Special Issue aims to cover the recent progress in the research field of steel, including phase transformations, mechanical properties, fatigue, precipitation, characterization, thermodynamic simulations, crystallography, materials processing, additive manufacturing, etc.

You are cordially invited to contribute your manuscript to this Special Issue. We enthusiastically welcome full-length papers, brief communications, and comprehensive reviews on these topics. Your insights will enrich the dialogue on this critical subject matter. 

Dr. Binbin Wu
Dr. Xuelin Wang
Dr. Xiangyu Xu
Dr. Yishuang Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • steel
  • phase transformations
  • mechanical properties
  • fatigue
  • precipitation
  • materials characterization
  • thermodynamic simulations
  • crystallography
  • materials processing
  • additive manufacturing

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 8429 KiB  
Article
Study on Fatigue Fracture Behavior of S32750 Duplex Stainless Steel at Different Solution Temperatures
by Shun Bao, Han Feng, Zhigang Song, Jianguo He, Xiaohan Wu and Yang Gu
Crystals 2025, 15(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010044 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 648
Abstract
This paper investigates the tensile and low-cycle fatigue characteristics of S32750 duplex stainless steel subjected to two distinct solid solution treatment temperatures. The microstructures, fracture surfaces, and slip systems of the tested steel were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the tensile and low-cycle fatigue characteristics of S32750 duplex stainless steel subjected to two distinct solid solution treatment temperatures. The microstructures, fracture surfaces, and slip systems of the tested steel were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The findings reveal that elevating the solid solution treatment temperature from 1080 °C to 1180 °C results in an increase in the yield strength of the tested steel by approximately 36 MPa and a substantial enhancement in fatigue life by 34%. Microhardness measurements indicate that the degree of hardening in austenite post-fatigue failure significantly surpasses that of ferrite. The variation in solid solution temperature alters the ferrite and austenite content within the matrix, consequently affecting the strain distribution between the two phases. The high-temperature solid solution treatment effectively enhances the two-phase strain-bearing capacity of the tested steel. Following the 1180 °C solid solution treatment, no cloud-like dislocation patterns were observed in the ferrite; instead, they were replaced by a proliferation of thick, interwoven dislocation bundles. In contrast, the dislocations within the austenite predominantly consist of ordered planar slip and twinning. The primary contributor to the extended fatigue life is the increased number of absorbed dislocations within the ferrite grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High-Strength Steel)
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18 pages, 2965 KiB  
Article
Integrated Prediction of Gas Metal Arc Welding Multi-Layer Welding Heat Cycle, Ferrite Fraction, and Joint Hardness of X80 Pipeline Steel
by Chen Yan, Haonan Li, Die Yang, Yanan Gao, Jun Deng, Zhihang Zhang and Zhibo Dong
Crystals 2025, 15(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010014 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
X80 pipeline steel is widely used in oil and gas pipelines because of its excellent strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. It is welded via gas metal arc welding (GMAW), risking high cold crack sensitivities. There is a certain relationship between the joint hardness [...] Read more.
X80 pipeline steel is widely used in oil and gas pipelines because of its excellent strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. It is welded via gas metal arc welding (GMAW), risking high cold crack sensitivities. There is a certain relationship between the joint hardness and cold crack sensitivity of welded joints; thus, predicting the joint hardness is necessary. Considering the inefficiency of welding experiments and the complexity of welding parameters, we designed a set of processes from temperature field analysis to microstructure prediction and finally hardness prediction. Firstly, we calculated the thermal cycle curve during welding through multi-layer welding numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). Afterwards, BP neural networks were used to predict the cooling rates in the temperature interval that ferrite nuclears and grows. Introducing the cooling rates to the Leblond function, the ferrite fraction of the joint was given. Based on the predicted ferrite fraction, mapping relationships between joint hardness and the joint ferrite fraction were built using BP neural networks. The results shows that the error during phase fraction prediction is less than 8%, and during joint hardness prediction, it is less than 5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High-Strength Steel)
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14 pages, 34360 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Effect of Austempering Temperature on the Crystallographic Features and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel
by Hao Wu, Jieru Yu, Ziqi Wang, Guangjie Qi, Bai Xiao, Bin Hu, Shilong Liu and Yishuang Yu
Crystals 2024, 14(12), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121085 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 748
Abstract
The effect of austempering temperature on crystallographic features and mechanical properties is investigated in low-carbon bainitic steel, focusing on the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. After isothermal holding at, above, and below martensite start (MS) temperatures and tempering, a mixed [...] Read more.
The effect of austempering temperature on crystallographic features and mechanical properties is investigated in low-carbon bainitic steel, focusing on the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. After isothermal holding at, above, and below martensite start (MS) temperatures and tempering, a mixed microstructure of martensite/bainite and martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents is obtained. The fraction of M/A constituents increases as the austempering temperature increases, while the density of block boundaries decreases. The instantaneous work hardening rate exhibits continuous decay without a notable transition because of the retained austenite in the M/A constituents. The toughness decreases with increasing austempering temperature, which is related not only to the fraction of M/A constituents but also to the density of block boundaries. Isothermal treatment below the MS temperature enables the formation of structures with fewer M/A constituents and high-density block boundaries, through which excellent toughness can be achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High-Strength Steel)
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15 pages, 20734 KiB  
Article
Biaxial Very High Cycle Fatigue Testing and Failure Mechanism of Welded Joints in Structural Steel Q345
by Bing Xue, Yongbo Li, Wanshuang Yi, Shoucheng Shi, Yajun Dai, Chang Liu, Maojia Ren and Chao He
Crystals 2024, 14(10), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14100850 - 28 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1311
Abstract
The very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) strength of welded joints made of high-strength structural materials is generally poor, which poses a serious threat to the long life and reliability of the structural components. This work employs an ultrasonic vibration fatigue testing system to [...] Read more.
The very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) strength of welded joints made of high-strength structural materials is generally poor, which poses a serious threat to the long life and reliability of the structural components. This work employs an ultrasonic vibration fatigue testing system to investigate the biaxial fatigue failure mechanism of the welded joints. The results revealed that under uniaxial loading conditions, the propensity for fatigue failure in plate specimens was predominantly observed at the specimen surface. Regardless of whether under uniaxial or biaxial loading, the initiation of fatigue cracks in cruciform joints was consistently traced back to unfused flaws, which were primarily located at the interface between the solder and the base material. Concurrently, it was noted that the fatigue strength of cruciform joints under biaxial loading was merely 44.4% of that under uniaxial loading. The geometric peculiarities of the unfused defects led to severe stress concentrations, which significantly reduced the fatigue life of the material under biaxial loading conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced High-Strength Steel)
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