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Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces,...
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Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016)

A special issue of Condensed Matter (ISSN 2410-3896).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2016) | Viewed by 65325

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Augusto Marcelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. INFN–LNF, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
2. CNR - Istituto Struttura della Materia and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
3. RICMASS - Rome International Center for Materials Science – Superstripes, Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: correlation phenomena in X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray absorption in elements of geophysical interest; dust and aerosol characterization; ultra-trace detection for indoor and outdoor environmental studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Bianconi

E-Mail Website
Editor-in-Chief
Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: synchrotron radiation research; protein fluctuations; active sites of metalloproteins; origin of life; selected molecules in prebiotic world; quantum phenomena in complex matter; quantum confinement; superstripes in complex matter; lattice complexity in transition metal oxides; high Tc superconductors; valence fluctuation materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

This special issue will publish selected papers from the ACSIN 2016 conference, 9-15 October 2016 in Rome, Italy. Submissions should be received before the start of the conference and will be rapidly reviewed during or shortly after the conference. 

The year 2016 will mark the 27th anniversary of the ACSIN series and it will happen in Rome at the Bruno Touschek Congress Center of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. The first International Symposium on Atomically Controlled Surfaces and Interfaces was held in 1991 – Tokyo, supported by the Thin Film and Surface Physics Division in The Japan Society of Applied Physics in commemoration of its 20th anniversary. Bearing in mind the developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, the word “Nanostructures” has been added to the name of the conference since the fifth International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-5) was held in Aix-en Provence in 1999. Following the successful series of ACSIN conferences in Tokyo (ACSIN-9, 2007), Granada (ACSIN-10, 2009), Saint Petersburg (ACSIN-11, 2011), and Tsukuba (ACSIN-12, 2013).

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Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Condensed Matter is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (16 papers)

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1567 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Peculiarities in the Temperature-Dependent Structural Evolution of Black Phosphorus
by Boby Joseph, Nicola Demitri, Paolo Lotti, Andrea Lausi and Paolo Dore
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010011 - 20 Feb 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5462
Abstract
Black phosphorous (BP) is one of the important emerging two-dimensional systems. We have undertaken a structural investigation of BP in the temperature range of 320 K to 85 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD pattern of BP is heavily influenced [...] Read more.
Black phosphorous (BP) is one of the important emerging two-dimensional systems. We have undertaken a structural investigation of BP in the temperature range of 320 K to 85 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD pattern of BP is heavily influenced by the preferred orientation effects. Collection of the diffraction pattern in a standard capillary geometry with controlled capillary rotations perpendicular to the X-ray direction permitted us to provide insights to the effects of the preferred orientation. In the range of 320 K to 85 K, BP remains in the so-called “A17” orthorhombic structure. Lattice parameters show a regular shrinkage with the lowering of the temperature as expected for any elemental metallic system. Dense temperature sampling permitted us to observe a small but clear deviation from the linear behavior in of one of the in-plane lattice parameters. This temperature-dependent structural evolution seems to provide some insights into the temperature dependence of the macroscopic properties of BP such as the Hall coefficient, thermal conductivity, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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1291 KiB  
Article
Metastability Phenomena in VO2 Thin Films
by Daniele Di Gioacchino, Augusto Marcelli, Alessandro Puri, Chongwen Zou, Lele Fan, Uli Zeitler and Antonio Bianconi
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010010 - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4394
Abstract
VO2 is a transition metal oxide in which complex electronic phases appear near the metal-to-insulator transition due to electron correlation and electron–lattice interactions. This system is characterized by a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) at around 341 K. The metal (high T) phase is [...] Read more.
VO2 is a transition metal oxide in which complex electronic phases appear near the metal-to-insulator transition due to electron correlation and electron–lattice interactions. This system is characterized by a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) at around 341 K. The metal (high T) phase is tetragonal while the insulator (low T) phase is monoclinic and the resistivity changes at the MIT by about five orders of magnitude. Here, we report investigations of the MIT in a thin VO2 film deposited on a sapphire substrate showing hysteresis. The MIT has been characterized by resistance measurements versus temperature and a DC magnetic field. The thin sample shows different final resistance values in both the insulating and metallic state after different temperature cycles. Moreover, some cycles do not close in the insulating phase. An unexpected magnetic dependence of the temperature cycle in the sample was also observed. The results show that the MIT of VO2 can be controlled by reducing the thickness below 40 nm in micron-sized ribbons since MIT is associated with the emergence of coexisting metastable conformations controlled by the thickness-dependent misfit strain and stress distributions induced by the mismatch between thin ribbon film and the substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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1065 KiB  
Article
Photoluminescence of Rare-Earth Ions in the Nanocrystalline GaAs/SnO2 Heterostructure and the Photoinduced Electrical Properties Related to the Interface
by Diego H. O. Machado, Luis V. A. Scalvi and Cristina F. Bueno
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010009 - 07 Feb 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4086
Abstract
Deposition of an SnO2 thin film was carried out by sol–gel-dip-coating and doped with Ce3+ or Eu3+, and a GaAs layer was deposited by resistive evaporation or sputtering. This investigation combines the emission properties of these rare-earth ions with [...] Read more.
Deposition of an SnO2 thin film was carried out by sol–gel-dip-coating and doped with Ce3+ or Eu3+, and a GaAs layer was deposited by resistive evaporation or sputtering. This investigation combines the emission properties of these rare-earth ions with the unique transport properties generated by the heterostructure assembly. Illumination with light with energy above the GaAs bandgap and below the SnO2 bandgap drastically increases the GaAs/SnO2 heterostructure conductance, which becomes practically temperature-independent. This was associated with the presence of interface conduction, possibly a two-dimensional electron gas at the GaAs/SnO2 interface. This feature takes place only for the sample where the GaAs bottom layer is deposited via sputtering. Irradiation with energies above the SnO2 bandgap only excites the top oxide layer. The heterostructure assembly GaAs/SnO2:Eu leads to emission from Eu3+, unlike SnO2 deposition directly on a glass substrate, where the Eu3+ transitions are absent. Eu emission comes along a broad band, located at a higher energy compared to Eu3+ transitions, which are blue-shifted as the thermal annealing temperature increases. Luminescence from Ce3+ ions in the heterostructure can be detected, but the ions overlap with emission from the matrix, and a cleaning procedure helps to identify Ce3+ transitions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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1422 KiB  
Article
Facile Design of a Plasmonic Nanolaser
by Hans-Peter Solowan and Carola Kryschi
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010008 - 04 Feb 2017
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4072
Abstract
A spaser consists of a plasmonic noble-metal nanostructure that acts as nanocavity, when incorporated or surface-coupled two-level emitters constitute the nanoscale gain medium. Suited two-level emitters are, for instance, laser dyes. Optical pumping may provide efficient excitation energy transfer between the two-level emitters [...] Read more.
A spaser consists of a plasmonic noble-metal nanostructure that acts as nanocavity, when incorporated or surface-coupled two-level emitters constitute the nanoscale gain medium. Suited two-level emitters are, for instance, laser dyes. Optical pumping may provide efficient excitation energy transfer between the two-level emitters in the gain medium and the surface plasmons sustained in the nanocavity. Strong resonant coupling of the surface plasmon modes to the gain medium may establish an inherent feedback amplification mechanism which finally drives the spaser action. In this contribution, we demonstrate that spaser emission can be generated by amplifying longitudinal surface plasmon modes in gold nanorods by optically pumping surface-attached resonantly-coupled laser dyes. Therefore, we synthesized gold nanorods whose longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peak was adjusted between 680 and 700 nm. The gain medium was realized by electrostatically attaching the laser dye phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate via the positively-charged CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) bilayer to the gold-nanorod surface. Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate exhibits fluorescence at 700 nm. Fluorescence quenching experiments unambiguously gave indication of resonant excitation energy transfer. The fluorescence intensity ratio I F 0 / I F follows the Stern–Volmer relationship, and the Stern–Volmer coefficient was determined as KSV = 1.22 × 106 M−1. The spaser emission was observed in fs transient absorption spectra as an ultrafast decaying narrow emission peak around 716 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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2991 KiB  
Article
Effects of Domain Boundaries on the Diffraction Patterns of One-Dimensional Structures
by Frederic Timmer and Joachim Wollschläger
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010007 - 31 Jan 2017
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3569
Abstract
Motivated by diffraction experiments on the (2√3 x √3) R30◦ reconstructed Si(111) surface due to deposition of rare earth elements (Dy, Tb) and silicide formation, we analyse the splitting and non-splitting of superstructure diffraction spots. For this purpose, we model diffraction patterns for [...] Read more.
Motivated by diffraction experiments on the (2√3 x √3) R30◦ reconstructed Si(111) surface due to deposition of rare earth elements (Dy, Tb) and silicide formation, we analyse the splitting and non-splitting of superstructure diffraction spots. For this purpose, we model diffraction patterns for one-dimensional structures generated by the binary surface technique and use supercell models to keep the analysis simple. Diffraction patterns are calculated in the framework of the kinematical diffraction theory, and they are analyzed as a function of the domains and domain boundaries. Basic properties of the diffraction pattern are analyzed for model systems of a two-fold and a three-fold periodicity. The rules derived from these calculations are applied to the “real-world” system of Si(111)-(2√3 × √3) R30◦-RESix (RE = Dy or Tb). Depending on the combination of domains and domain boundaries of different types, a plethora of different features are observed in the diffraction patterns. These are analyzed to determine the sizes of both domain boundaries and domains from experimentally observed splitting of specific superstructure spots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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8887 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Lattice Mismatch on the Atomic Ordering of ZnO Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition onto Single Crystal Surfaces with Variable Mismatch (InP, GaAs, GaN, SiC)
by Jonathan Faugier-Tovar, Florica Lazar, Catherine Marichy and Christian Brylinski
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010003 - 08 Jan 2017
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4291
Abstract
It has previously been reported that epitaxial growth of ZnO can be obtained at low temperatures by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto a GaN (0001-Ga) surface, corresponding to a ~2.3% compressive lattice mismatch of the deposited ZnO. The question addressed here is the [...] Read more.
It has previously been reported that epitaxial growth of ZnO can be obtained at low temperatures by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto a GaN (0001-Ga) surface, corresponding to a ~2.3% compressive lattice mismatch of the deposited ZnO. The question addressed here is the atomic ordering of deposited ZnO as a function of the lattice mismatch between ZnO and several single-crystal seeding surfaces. We have deposited ZnO using ALD onto either the (111) cubic or (0001) hexagonal surfaces of a set of available single-crystal substrates (GaAs, InP, GaN, SiC), for which the lattice mismatch varies over a wide range of values, positive and negative. It is found that deposition onto surfaces with very high extensive lattice mismatch (GaAs, InP) leads to polycrystalline ZnO, similar to the configuration obtained on an amorphous SiO2 surface. In contrast, ZnO ALD deposition onto both 2H-GaN (0001-Ga) and 4H-SiC (0001-Si) surfaces with lower and compressive mismatch leads to epitaxial ordering over the whole substrate temperature range of 180–250 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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3886 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Electronic Structure of Hydrogen-Decorated Silicene
by Agata Podsiadły-Paszkowska and Mariusz Krawiec
Condens. Matter 2017, 2(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat2010001 - 23 Dec 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3900
Abstract
The effects of strain, charge doping, and external electric field on the electronic structure of a free-standing silicene layer decorated by hydrogen atoms are studied by first-principles density functional theory. Various phases, including insulating, metallic, spin-polarized, and half-metallic have been found, depending on [...] Read more.
The effects of strain, charge doping, and external electric field on the electronic structure of a free-standing silicene layer decorated by hydrogen atoms are studied by first-principles density functional theory. Various phases, including insulating, metallic, spin-polarized, and half-metallic have been found, depending on these external factors. The most efficient way of switching the system between these phases is charge doping. The character of the energy gap of the H/silicene system can also be modified, and for charged or for strained systems, the originally indirect gap can be tuned to become direct. The obtained results are very promising in view of the silicene functionalization and potential applications of silicene in the fields of spintronics and optoelectronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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792 KiB  
Article
An Analytical Model for Evaluation of the Properties of Metallic Coatings in RF Structures
by Giovanni Castorina, Augusto Marcelli, Francesca Monforte, Stefano Sarti and Bruno Spataro
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010012 - 17 Dec 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3042
Abstract
A simple analytic model based on the equations of the propagation matrices theory has been developed in order to evaluate the effective skin depth of coated metallic surfaces. With particular attention to the R&D of highly-performing accelerating structures, different thick coatings with excellent [...] Read more.
A simple analytic model based on the equations of the propagation matrices theory has been developed in order to evaluate the effective skin depth of coated metallic surfaces. With particular attention to the R&D of highly-performing accelerating structures, different thick coatings with excellent mechanical and electrical properties have been considered such as molybdenum and its oxides, p-doped SiC, and TiN. Calculations show that copper coated with a p-type SiC may exhibit an improved hardness and a higher thermal resistance. Combined with experimental tests, this study may support the identification of reliable multilayers capable of improving the higher power performance of radio-frequency (RF) structures in terms of the accelerating gradient in order to increase the resistance to the high thermal stress of structures made with copper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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2919 KiB  
Article
Early Stage of Sb Ultra-Thin Film Growth: Crystal Structure and Electron Band Structure
by Mirosław Stróżak, Marek Kopciuszyński, Agnieszka Stępniak-Dybala, Mariusz Krawiec and Mieczysław Jałochowski
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010011 - 16 Dec 2016
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3451
Abstract
The evolution of the electron band structure upon the reduction of Sb film on a Si(111)-(6 × 6)Au substrate, relevant to topological insulator properties, is experimentally systematically investigated by the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), in situ surface electron transport and angular resolved [...] Read more.
The evolution of the electron band structure upon the reduction of Sb film on a Si(111)-(6 × 6)Au substrate, relevant to topological insulator properties, is experimentally systematically investigated by the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), in situ surface electron transport and angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy methods. The experiments reveal that a bilayer (BL) of Sb is crystalline but the subsequent three BLs on top of it form amorphous layers. The five-BL-thick film transforms back to the crystalline form. The bilayer as well as 1.2- and 3.8-BL-thick films show the electron band structure with a relatively large energy gap at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone. The theoretically predicted band structure is observed at 4.8 BL coverage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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256 KiB  
Article
Theory of Plasmons for Two-Dimensional Materials in the Random Phase Approximation
by Masakazu Ichikawa
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010009 - 14 Dec 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4389
Abstract
A theory is derived for plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials by using three-dimensional (3D) plasmon theory, which was reported previously in the random phase approximation under high frequency conditions. When the 3D local electron density is expressed by the 2D local electron density [...] Read more.
A theory is derived for plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials by using three-dimensional (3D) plasmon theory, which was reported previously in the random phase approximation under high frequency conditions. When the 3D local electron density is expressed by the 2D local electron density n 2 D multiplied by the delta function in the thickness direction, a self-consistent integral equation for the scalar potential is derived using only n 2 D and the 2D Coulomb potential. The integral equation consists of the edge and planar plasmon terms which give their resonant frequencies. These frequencies are analytically calculated for uniform 2D atomic layers and nanodisks with step function-like electron densities at their edges. The light emission intensities from the nanodisks are also calculated. These frequencies are compared with those for the 2D and 3D Weyl fermions, i.e., massless Dirac fermions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
1662 KiB  
Article
Neutron Study of Multilevel Structures of Diamond Gels
by Vasily Lebedev, Yury Kulvelis, Alexander Kuklin and Alexander Vul
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010010 - 14 Dec 2016
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3870
Abstract
The structure of a hydrogel consisting of diamond nanoparticles formed by the explosion method has been studied. Small angle neutron scattering has been used as a method for characterization of the gel. Joint approaches for data analysis in reciprocal and direct space have [...] Read more.
The structure of a hydrogel consisting of diamond nanoparticles formed by the explosion method has been studied. Small angle neutron scattering has been used as a method for characterization of the gel. Joint approaches for data analysis in reciprocal and direct space have been developed to restore a multilevel structure. The pristine hydrogel of positively charged diamond particles (~5 nm in size, concentration ~5 wt %), even by four-fold dilution below its formation critical point, (C* ~ 4 wt %) retains practically the original structure where single particles are joined into small groups integrated into chain fractal-type aggregates creating a network. This indicates a local stability of the gel and means a transformation of continuous gel into a system of micro-domains suspended in water. A perfection of the diamond crystals’ facets was revealed that is of principal importance for the configuration of potentials, inducing the diamonds’ electrostatic attraction due to different electric charges of facets. It is distinguished from the results for the suspensions of diamonds in graphene shells that showed a deviation of scattering from Porod’s law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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1855 KiB  
Article
Silicene Nanoribbons on Pb-Reconstructed Si(111) Surface
by Agnieszka Stȩpniak-Dybala, Mieczysław Jałochowski and Mariusz Krawiec
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010008 - 05 Dec 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5275
Abstract
We report on the initial stage of growing of silicon nanostructures on Pb-induced 3 × 3 and 3 × 7 reconstructed Si(111) surfaces. The deposition of 0.75 monolayer of Si at a temperature of around 200 K results in Si nanoribbons a few-nanometers [...] Read more.
We report on the initial stage of growing of silicon nanostructures on Pb-induced 3 × 3 and 3 × 7 reconstructed Si(111) surfaces. The deposition of 0.75 monolayer of Si at a temperature of around 200 K results in Si nanoribbons a few-nanometers in length running in three equivalent high symmetry directions of Si(111) surface, as revealed by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. The nanoribbons are predominantly 1.6 nm wide and show local 3 × 3 reconstruction. These findings are interpreted within the framework of silicene nanoribbons grown on a bare Si(111) surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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2086 KiB  
Article
Development of Nano-Carbon Biosensors Using Glycan for Host Range Detection of Influenza Virus
by Toshio Kawahara, Hiroaki Hiramatsu, Yasuo Suzuki, Shin-ichi Nakakita, Yasuhide Ohno, Kenzo Maehashi, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Kazumasa Okamoto, Teruaki Matsuba and Risa Utsunomiya
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010007 - 01 Dec 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3548
Abstract
Nano-carbon materials are promising canidates for applications in high performance devices, including highly sensitive biosensors. We have developed a self-alignment process for nano-carbon field effect transistors (FETs), using a carbon nanowall (CNW)—a nano-carbon materials—to fabricate CNW-FETs. We measured the pH dependence of the [...] Read more.
Nano-carbon materials are promising canidates for applications in high performance devices, including highly sensitive biosensors. We have developed a self-alignment process for nano-carbon field effect transistors (FETs), using a carbon nanowall (CNW)—a nano-carbon materials—to fabricate CNW-FETs. We measured the pH dependence of the device properties. The binding molecules are known to be key components for biosensors. We are concentrating on the development of an influenza virus sensor, because the influenza virus is a major public health problem and a highly sensitive sensor is urgently required. We estimated the size of detected molecules of glycan for influenza viruses using atomic force microscopy. The typical molecule size is around 1 nm, and this may be suitable for electronic detection using a FET structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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2991 KiB  
Article
Inner-Shell Ionization and Fragmentation of Isolated Endohedral Fullerene Ions by XUV Radiation
by Stefan Schippers
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010006 - 21 Nov 2016
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3214
Abstract
The photon–ion merged-beams technique for photoabsorption studies of ionized nanoparticles with synchrotron radiation is introduced. As an example, recent results from photoionization and photofragmentation of the endohedral fullerene ions Lu3 N @ C 80 + , Lu3 [...] Read more.
The photon–ion merged-beams technique for photoabsorption studies of ionized nanoparticles with synchrotron radiation is introduced. As an example, recent results from photoionization and photofragmentation of the endohedral fullerene ions Lu3 N @ C 80 + , Lu3 N @ C 80 2 + , and Lu3 N @ C 80 3 + are briefly discussed, highlighting the sensitivity and versatility of the experimental technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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371 KiB  
Article
Calculated Effects of Disorder on the Mo Core Levels in Purple Bronze Li2Mo12O34
by Thomas Jarlborg
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010005 - 14 Nov 2016
Viewed by 3336
Abstract
The band structures of ordered and thermally disordered Li 2 Mo 12 O 34 are calculated by use of ab initio density functional theory (DFT)–Linear Muffin-Tin Method (LMTO) with a focus on the behavior of the Mo 3d -core levels. It is shown [...] Read more.
The band structures of ordered and thermally disordered Li 2 Mo 12 O 34 are calculated by use of ab initio density functional theory (DFT)–Linear Muffin-Tin Method (LMTO) with a focus on the behavior of the Mo 3d -core levels. It is shown that thermal disorder and zero-point motion lead to substantial core level broadening, and the broadening at room temperature is predicted to be sufficiently larger than at zero degrees to allow for a detection by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. However, real purple bronze has 10% Li vacancies, and static disorder will attenuate the T-dependent broadening. It is argued that core level spectroscopies could be a useful tool for the measurement of thermal disorders in many materials, especially for those with minor static disorder. Studies of core levels in magnetic materials will be helpful for an understanding of T-dependent spin moments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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1317 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Investigations for Strain Relaxation and Growth Mode of InAs Thin layers on GaAs(111)A
by Tomonori Ito, Toru Akiyama and Kohji Nakamura
Condens. Matter 2016, 1(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat1010004 - 08 Nov 2016
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4553
Abstract
The growth mode of InAs/GaAs(111)A is systematically investigated using our macroscopic theory with the aid of empirical potential calculations that determine parameter values used in the macroscopic theory. Here, stacking-fault tetrahedron (SFT) found in InAs/GaAs(111)A and misfit dislocation (MD) formations are employed as [...] Read more.
The growth mode of InAs/GaAs(111)A is systematically investigated using our macroscopic theory with the aid of empirical potential calculations that determine parameter values used in the macroscopic theory. Here, stacking-fault tetrahedron (SFT) found in InAs/GaAs(111)A and misfit dislocation (MD) formations are employed as strain relaxation mechanisms. The calculated results reveal that the MD formation occurs at the layer thickness h about 7 monolayers (MLs). Moreover, we found that the SFT forming at h about 4 MLs makes surface atoms move upward to reduce the strain energy to promote the two dimensional (2D) growth. Therefore, the SFT in addition to the MD plays an important role in strain relaxation in InAs thin layers on GaAs(111)A. The macroscopic free energy calculations for the growth mode imply that the InAs growth on the GaAs(111)A proceeds along the lower energy path from the 2D-coherent (h ≤ 4 MLs) to the 2D-MD (h ≥ 7 MLs) via the 2D-SFT (4 MLs ≤ h ≤ 7 MLs). Consequently, the 2D growth on the InAs/GaAs(111)A results from strain relaxation due to the formation of the SFT near the surface and the subsequent MD formation at the interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 13th Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN 2016))
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