Thin Films and Coatings: Application in the Repair and Conservation of Cultural Heritage

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 777

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Interests: cultural relics protection technology; mechanism of microbial deterioration in cultural heritage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As material witnesses of human civilization, cultural heritages are confronted with severe challenges of environmental degradation and material aging in their long-term preservation. Against this backdrop, thin-layer and coating technologies, as a forward-looking, micro-interventional protection strategy, are demonstrating significant application potential and development prospects. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research achievements in this cross-disciplinary field and promote the innovation of protection methodologies.

Traditional protective materials and techniques often have limitations in terms of durability, compatibility, and reversibility. However, advanced thin-film technologies, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), the sol–gel method, and nano-composite coatings, can achieve precise, uniform, and controllable intervention on the substrate of cultural relics. These technologies can not only be used to build super-hydrophobic and UV-resistant protective barriers, but they also enhance the mechanical strength of fragile materials through nano-reinforcement and biomimetic design and even achieve self-healing of cracks and corrosion protection of metals.

However, applying the cutting-edge achievements of materials science to sensitive cultural heritage still requires overcoming numerous scientific and ethical challenges. These include scientific evaluations of the long-term durability of coatings, studies on compatibility with the original artifacts, and adherence to the crucial ethical principle of "reversibility". Therefore, this Special Issue not only focuses on the development of new materials and processes, but it also attaches great importance to advanced diagnostic and non-destructive characterization methods, as well as in-depth case studies and ethical discussions.

We firmly believe that through the close collaboration of materials scientists, conservation experts, and archeologists, thin-layer and coating technologies will surely provide more precise, efficient, and safe solutions for the sustainable inheritance of cultural heritage.

Dr. Bingjie Mai
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cultural relics protection
  • functional coating
  • nanomaterials
  • self-repairing
  • atomic-layer deposition
  • non-destructive testing
  • durability bionic material
  • reversibility

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 6145 KB  
Article
Identification, Removal, and Preventive Protection Against Mold Contamination on Historical Photographic Negatives from the Xi’an Beilin Museum
by Ning Zhang, Yan Li, Rui Zhang, Yujia Luo, Bingjie Mai and Yuhu Li
Coatings 2026, 16(5), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16050511 - 22 Apr 2026
Viewed by 410
Abstract
The Xi’an Beilin Museum preserves a large collection of archeological photographic negatives and films dating from the 1950s to the early 1980s. These images document significant archeological discoveries, including Tang dynasty imperial tomb murals, the excavation of the terracotta warriors, and various historical [...] Read more.
The Xi’an Beilin Museum preserves a large collection of archeological photographic negatives and films dating from the 1950s to the early 1980s. These images document significant archeological discoveries, including Tang dynasty imperial tomb murals, the excavation of the terracotta warriors, and various historical grottoes and stone carvings. As unique visual records of cultural heritage, these materials provide valuable references for studying environmental deterioration processes and for guiding conservation and restoration practices. However, long-term storage under uncontrolled environmental conditions has resulted in severe degradation of the negatives, including mold contamination, emulsion layer powdering, deformation, and partial detachment. Among these deterioration phenomena, microbial growth is particularly destructive because fungal hyphae cause light scattering and image obscuration, preventing scanning and digital archiving. In this study, mold species present on the negatives were isolated and identified using morphological observation and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Based on the characteristics of the microbial contamination, targeted removal and restoration treatments were applied to recover the original image information. Furthermore, preventive protection strategies were implemented through the development of antifungal storage materials and protective containers. The results establish an integrated conservation approach combining microbial identification, restoration treatment, risk elimination, and preventive protection, providing a scientific basis for the long-term preservation of historical photographic archives. Full article
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