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Global Warming and Extreme Drought
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Global Warming and Extreme Drought

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2024 | Viewed by 10792

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Michelle Simões Reboita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Natural Resources Institute - IRN, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais 37500-903, Brazil
Interests: climate; climate modeling; synoptic meteorology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
Interests: climate; climate modeling; synoptic meteorology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shaukat Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GCISC, Ministry of Climate Change, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
Interests: climate; climate change and health; climate change and media
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Weather and climate extreme events are becoming more frequent, intense, and lasting under the influence of climate change. Droughts are one of these extremes that cause a lot of injures for ecosystems, agriculture, energy, and human health. Droughts force people to migrate, which can lead to mental health problems. Thus, this Special Issue on “Global Warming and Extreme Drought” aims to present up-to-date knowledge on the physical drivers of droughts around the world, projection of droughts in scenarios of climate change, compound events, impacts on health, and other related themes. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Michelle Simões Reboita
Prof. Dr. Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha
Dr. Shaukat Ali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Climate is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • droughts
  • climate change
  • compound events
  • case studies
  • climate indices
  • impacts on health

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2287 KiB  
Article
Economic Impact of Droughts in Southern Brazil, a Duration Analysis
by Jorge Luis Tonetto, Josep Miquel Pique, Adelar Fochezatto and Carina Rapetti
Climate 2024, 12(11), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110186 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 913
Abstract
Hydrometeorological hazards are currently a cause for great concern worldwide. Droughts are among the most recurrent events, causing significant losses. This article presents a study on the duration of droughts in the southernmost state of Brazil, which has a large agricultural sector and [...] Read more.
Hydrometeorological hazards are currently a cause for great concern worldwide. Droughts are among the most recurrent events, causing significant losses. This article presents a study on the duration of droughts in the southernmost state of Brazil, which has a large agricultural sector and experiences frequent drought events. The approach focuses on the economic recovery time of municipalities affected by the drought in 2020, 2022 and 2023, using the total value of invoices issued within each municipality between companies and from companies to consumers. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox regression models are applied, incorporating covariates such as the size of the municipality, geographic location, and primary economic activity sector. The results show that the longest recovery period is concentrated in small cities, particularly in those where agriculture or livestock is the primary economic activity. The greatest resilience is observed in cities within the metropolitan region, where economic activity is more concentrated in services and industry and where populations are generally larger. The study identifies that after each drought event, at least 75% of municipalities achieve economic recovery within 3 months. These findings support better planning for both drought prevention and impact reduction and they are relevant for the development of economic and social policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Warming and Extreme Drought)
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29 pages, 15892 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Precipitation and Hydrological Droughts in South America through Statistically Downscaled CMIP6 Projections
by Glauber Willian de Souza Ferreira, Michelle Simões Reboita, João Gabriel Martins Ribeiro and Christie André de Souza
Climate 2023, 11(8), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11080166 - 2 Aug 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3627
Abstract
Drought events are critical environmental threats that yield several socioeconomic impacts. Such effects are even more relevant for South America (SA) since different activities essential for the continent, such as agriculture and energy generation, depend highly on water resources. Thus, this study aimed [...] Read more.
Drought events are critical environmental threats that yield several socioeconomic impacts. Such effects are even more relevant for South America (SA) since different activities essential for the continent, such as agriculture and energy generation, depend highly on water resources. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate future changes in precipitation and hydrological drought occurrence in SA through climate projections from eight global climate models (GCMs) of CMIP6. To this end, statistical downscaling was applied to the projections obtained using the quantile delta mapping technique, and the method proved to be efficient in reducing systematic biases and preserving GCMs’ trends. For the following decades, the results show considerable and statistically significant reductions in precipitation over most of SA, especially during the austral spring, with the most intense signal under the SSP5-8.5 forcing scenario. Furthermore, GCMs showed mixed signals about projections of the frequency and intensity of drought events. Still, they indicated agreement regarding the increased duration and severity of events over the continent and a substantial proportion of moderate and severe events over most of Brazil during the 21st century. These results can be helpful for better management of water resources by decision-makers and energy planners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Warming and Extreme Drought)
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16 pages, 4488 KiB  
Article
Hydrological and Precipitation Extremes and Trends over the Paraiba do Sul River Basin, Brazil
by Débora Martins de Oliveira, Vanessa Silveira Barreto Carvalho, Benedito Cláudio da Silva, Michelle Simões Reboita and Bruno de Campos
Climate 2023, 11(7), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11070138 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2445
Abstract
The Paraiba do Sul River Basin (PSRB) is a vital source of water resources in Brazil, providing water for human consumption, industry, agriculture, and hydroelectric energy generation. As part of one of the most developed areas of the country, in the Southeast of [...] Read more.
The Paraiba do Sul River Basin (PSRB) is a vital source of water resources in Brazil, providing water for human consumption, industry, agriculture, and hydroelectric energy generation. As part of one of the most developed areas of the country, in the Southeast of Brazil, the region is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, with evidence of extreme events such as droughts and floods affecting the availability and quality of water. Hence, this study analyzes precipitation and streamflow rates data from the PSRB between 1939–2020 to investigate the spatial variability of average patterns and extreme events, trends, and their relationship with urban growth and socioeconomic development. The analysis reveals significant spatial variations in precipitation and runoff rates, with higher altitude areas, such as the Serra da Mantiqueira, exhibiting higher average values. Moreover, the Mann–Kendall trend results showed in most of the sites no significant trend regarding precipitation data; however, about 50% of the sites in the PSRB presented a decreasing trend of runoff rates. Since the precipitation does not explain identified changes in the hydrological patterns, the evaluation of the area’s urban growth and socioeconomic development throughout the decades suggested that human activities, such as those associated with urbanization, have played a significant role in altering the runoff patterns in the basin. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable land-use planning and water resource-management practices in the PSRB to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle and to enhance the resilience of the region’s water resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Warming and Extreme Drought)
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15 pages, 5008 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Association between Changing Crop Types and Water Scarcity: A Case Study over West-Central India
by Sneha Kulkarni, Vinay Kumar, Vinayak Bhanage and Shirishkumar Gedam
Climate 2023, 11(5), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11050093 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2946
Abstract
In recent years, semi-arid regions of India, especially Marathwada, have been continuously under the grip of drought. Increasing water scarcity and depleting ground water levels have accentuated the agrarian crisis with an increased number of farmers committing suicide in this region. To understand [...] Read more.
In recent years, semi-arid regions of India, especially Marathwada, have been continuously under the grip of drought. Increasing water scarcity and depleting ground water levels have accentuated the agrarian crisis with an increased number of farmers committing suicide in this region. To understand this issue, the present paper deals with the roots of the drought severities concerning the summer monsoon rainfall and changing crop types over the districts of the Marathwada region, India, from 1996 to 2018. In this study, drought severities were quantified using station-based rainfall, groundwater level, and crop data (10 most cultivated crops) collected from various national agencies. The increasing rainfall trends over the Latur, Beed, and Aurangabad districts depict positive signs for agriculture. In contrast, other districts were under decreasing rainfall trends, but these declining rates were not statistically significant. The alarming fall of ground water level from 4 to 5 m during the considered period was noticed over most of the region, which is a cause for concern. The significant changes in agricultural practices from low-water-requirement crops such millet (bajra), sorghum (jowar), and wheat to high-water-requirement crops such as sugarcane and cotton were observed over Beed, Latur, Osmanabad, and Parbhani. An increase in the yield of cash crops demands an augmented water supply, which is becoming responsible for the rapidly declining ground water level. Therefore, this study claims that more than rainfall vagaries, the severe impact of droughts is a reflection of changing agricultural practices and poor management of water resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Warming and Extreme Drought)
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