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Advancements in Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Science

A topical collection in Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This collection belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

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Editors

Dr. Arun Butreddy

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
Interests: gene therapy; monoclonal antibodies; lipid nanoparticles; lyophilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mahipal Reddy Donthi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Interests: pharmaceutical formulation technology; PKPD modelling; cell culture based works; nanoformulation development and evaluation; drug dissolution studies; analytical, bioanalytical method development and validations

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular biology and pharmaceutical sciences play a key role in drug product development, starting from discovery and development to commercialization. Furthermore, molecular and cellular biology research has been rapidly expanding, generating new pharmaceutical and medicinal products that will have a significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Here, innovations in molecular biology and pharmaceutical fields are essential to the development of life-saving medications and improving overall patient health and safety.

Research in molecular biology primarily focuses on gene expression and protein synthesis. In addition, molecular interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins within cells are vital for producing biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies. The ability to manipulate molecular pathways enables the design of target-specific biotherapeutics, which is crucial to improving therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects. The combination of molecular biology and pharmaceutical science with artificial intelligence (AI) is promising in accelerate research, as with, for instance, candidate screening and testing in the early stages of research.

This Topical Collection, “Advancements in Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Science”, will focus on monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, gene therapy, mRNA therapeutics, cell therapy, and other molecular and pharmaceutical therapeutics.

Suitable topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Molecular biology in medicine biotechnology;
  • Advances in molecular biotherapeutics—monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, gene therapy, cell therapy, mRNA technology;
  • Gene editing technologies, RNA-based therapies, and personalized medicine approaches;
  • Generative molecular biology—computational biology and artificial intelligence (AI) methods.

Dr. Arun Butreddy
Collection Editor

Dr. Mahipal Reddy Donthi
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmaceutical sciences
  • biotherapeutics
  • monoclonal antibodies
  • gene therapy
  • vaccines
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • personalized medicine

Published Papers (3 papers)

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2026

Jump to: 2025

19 pages, 3837 KB  
Article
TRIM24 Regulates Adaptation to Glucose Deprivation in Association with Aspartate Accumulation and Impaired AMPK Signaling
by Xiaochen Yu, Duopeng An, Dadui Ren, Peng He, Yunkai Yang, Nanye Chen, Rui Wang, Shan Wu, Jun Feng and Meiqing Feng
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(4), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48040403 - 14 Apr 2026
Viewed by 165
Abstract
Glucose deprivation is a major metabolic stress that requires coordinated adaptive responses to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival, yet the role of tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) in this process remains unclear. To address this question, we generated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TRIM24-knockout MCF-7 and HEK293 cell [...] Read more.
Glucose deprivation is a major metabolic stress that requires coordinated adaptive responses to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival, yet the role of tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) in this process remains unclear. To address this question, we generated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TRIM24-knockout MCF-7 and HEK293 cell lines, performed targeted metabolomic profiling and aspartate assays, used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), aspartate supplementation, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) knockdown to probe AMPK signaling and aspartate metabolism, and examined starvation responses in constitutive Trim24 knockout mice on a C57BL/6 background. Loss of TRIM24 sensitized cells to glucose deprivation. Re-expression of TRIM24 partially restored cell viability under glucose deprivation in both MCF-7 and HEK293 cells. Under glucose-free conditions, TRIM24 deficiency was associated with impaired AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation, increased intracellular aspartate accumulation, and altered ATP/AMP levels. Pharmacological reactivation of AMPK by AICAR improved the survival of TRIM24-deficient cells under glucose deprivation. Reducing intracellular aspartate by AOA treatment or GOT2 knockdown restored AMPK pathway activation and improved adaptation to glucose deprivation, whereas exogenous aspartate suppressed AMPK signaling and increased ATP/AMP levels. In vivo, starvation of Trim24-deficient mice was associated with reduced AMPK pathway activation and increased aspartate levels. Together, these findings support a model in which TRIM24 contributes to adaptation to glucose deprivation and in which abnormal aspartate accumulation contributes to impaired AMPK pathway activation in TRIM24-deficient cells. Full article
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14 pages, 3214 KB  
Review
Challenges and Insights in Patch-Clamp Studies: From Cell-Attached to Whole-Cell Configurations
by Sheng-Nan Wu, Ya-Jean Wang and Rasa Liutkevičienė
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020137 - 27 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1090
Abstract
The patch-clamp technique is widely regarded as the gold standard in cellular electrophysiology and can be applied in several configurations. In the cell-attached (C-A) mode, it enables the recording of single-channel currents, whereas the whole-cell (W-C) mode allows for the measurement of macroscopic [...] Read more.
The patch-clamp technique is widely regarded as the gold standard in cellular electrophysiology and can be applied in several configurations. In the cell-attached (C-A) mode, it enables the recording of single-channel currents, whereas the whole-cell (W-C) mode allows for the measurement of macroscopic currents, representing the collective activity of many channels. When the recording configuration was switched from C-A to W-C on the same cell, the current amplitude increased dramatically, while action currents (ACs) were completely abolished, indicating a profound alteration in the cell’s electrophysiological response under the new setup. In excitable cells, the occurrence of ACs, representing propagated action potentials, can interfere with C-A single-channel recordings. To address this, a high-K+ solution is typically applied to the bath to suppress the ACs. The inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir), ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels are crucial members of the K+ channel family that facilitate the efflux of K+ ions, driven by the K+ electrochemical gradient. These channels are primarily distinguished by their rectification properties and gating kinetics. For instance, KATP channels exhibit a bursting kinetic pattern with inward rectifying property, while BKCa channels display strong outward rectification. Mitoxantrone, which belongs to a class of drugs called anthracenediones, can suppress the activity of Kir channels in differentiated RAW 264.7 cells, with no change in single-channel conductance. The respiratory stimulator GAL-021 acts as a BKCa channel inhibitor, and it suppresses channel activity and shifts the activation curve to the right, suggesting a voltage-dependent blockade that stabilizes the channel in a closed state. GAL-021 does not change the single-channel conductance, indicating it is a gating modifier rather than an open-pore blocker. The functional roles of ion channels are fundamentally important. Correspondingly, the field is transitioning to artificial intelligence for automated single-cell patch-clamp experiments, though brain slice recordings still require manual techniques. Full article
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2025

Jump to: 2026

22 pages, 1830 KB  
Article
β-Arrestin 1 Differentially Modulates cAMP and ERK Pathways Downstream of the FSH Receptor
by Sei Hyun Park, Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa, Ye Rin Yu, Jae Won Lee, Min-Jeong Kwak, Seung-Bin Yoon, Ji-Su Kim, Myung-Hwa Kang and Kwan-Sik Min
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(12), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47121051 - 16 Dec 2025
Viewed by 584
Abstract
This study compared the gonadotropin gene sequences (LH and FSH subunits) of Cynomolgus and Rhesus monkeys and produced recombinant single-chain LHβ/α and FSHβ/α proteins. The α- and FSHβ-subunit sequences were identical between species, while LHβ showed only minor synonymous differences. The recombinant hormones [...] Read more.
This study compared the gonadotropin gene sequences (LH and FSH subunits) of Cynomolgus and Rhesus monkeys and produced recombinant single-chain LHβ/α and FSHβ/α proteins. The α- and FSHβ-subunit sequences were identical between species, while LHβ showed only minor synonymous differences. The recombinant hormones were successfully expressed and shown to be mainly N-glycosylated. Recombinant monkey FSHβ/α activated cAMP signaling in human FSH receptor-expressing cells, confirming its biological activity. β-arrestin 1 was found to have dual roles: its absence increased cAMP signaling (negative regulation), but it was required for ERK1/2 activation. ERK activation depended mainly on the cAMP/PKA pathway. Human and rat FSH receptors displayed different ERK activation timing, indicating species-specific signaling behavior. Overall, the study establishes a reliable system for producing functional recombinant monkey gonadotropins and clarifies how β-arrestin 1 differentially regulates FSH receptor signaling. Full article
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