Biocatalysis and Biosynthesis: Opportunities and Challenges

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biocatalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 884

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Interests: catalysis; enzyme modification; biocatalysis; synthesis; sustainable chemistry; green chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The demand for greener, sustainable, more selective and energy-efficient manufacturing has positioned biocatalysis at the forefront of modern synthetic chemistry and biotechnology. Exploiting enzymes for synthetic purposes offers unparalleled chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity while minimizing hazardous waste. Concurrently, advances in metabolic engineering, machine-learning-guided protein design and cell-free biosynthesis are expanding the synthetic space beyond natural pathways, granting access to pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials monomers and biofuels that were previously unattainable. Despite impressive progress, key hurdles persist: limited enzyme stability in non-natural environments, cofactor recycling costs, restricted substrate scope, challenging scale-up and regulatory constraints for genetically modified organisms.

This Special Issue assembles original research, mini-reviews and perspectives that address these opportunities and challenges. Topics of interest include:

  • Discovery and engineering of novel enzymes using directed evolution, rational mutagenesis or AI-assisted design;
  • Immobilized biocatalytic platforms for synthesis;
  • Hybrid chemo-enzymatic cascades integrating photocatalysis, electrocatalysis or organocatalysis;
  • High-throughput screening, in-line analytics and process intensification strategies;
  • Economic, environmental and regulatory analyses of biocatalytic routes versus traditional synthesis.

By uniting molecular biology, chemistry and process engineering, this issue aims to define the next generation of sustainable, bio-based manufacturing technologies.

Dr. Jennifer Noro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biocatalysis
  • biosynthesis
  • enzyme engineering
  • sustainable manufacturing
  • green chemistry

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

39 pages, 7672 KB  
Article
Functional Expression of the Aromatic Prenyltransferase NphB in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Highlights Challenges in Cannabinoid Biocatalysis
by Serge Basile Nouemssi, Ayoub Bouhadada, Rémy Beauchemin, Alexandre Custeau, Sarah-Ève Gélinas, Natacha Merindol, Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi, Hugo Germain and Isabel Desgagné-Penix
Catalysts 2026, 16(4), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16040346 - 13 Apr 2026
Viewed by 695
Abstract
Cannabinoids are high-value bioactive compounds whose sustainable production remains challenging, prompting interest in biocatalytic and microbial platforms as alternatives to plant extraction. In this study, we investigated the heterologous expression and functionality of two key cannabinoid-related enzymes in the photosynthetic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [...] Read more.
Cannabinoids are high-value bioactive compounds whose sustainable production remains challenging, prompting interest in biocatalytic and microbial platforms as alternatives to plant extraction. In this study, we investigated the heterologous expression and functionality of two key cannabinoid-related enzymes in the photosynthetic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the aromatic prenyltransferase, NphBG286S/Y288A from Streptomyces sp., and the plant-derived cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) from Cannabis sativa. Codon-optimized genes were introduced into the nuclear genome of C. reinhardtii using several construct configurations and promoters, and stable transformants were generated and characterized for genomic integration, transcript accumulation, protein production, enzymatic activity, and cannabinoid-related metabolite formation. While NphB protein accumulation was achieved under the PSAD promoter control, CBDAS was not detected at the protein level under any condition tested. In vitro enzymatic assays using soluble algal protein extracts from NphB-expressing lines confirmed catalytic activity, yielding cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), reaching up to 633 ± 58 µg L−1. However, no CBGA production was detected in vivo, despite substrate supplementation. These results indicate that, although bacterial prenyltransferase can be functionally expressed in C. reinhardtii, efficient metabolic conversion in vivo is limited by cellular and biochemical constraints, including substrate availability, intracellular compartmentalization, and potential competition with endogenous pathways. In contrast, the absence of detectable CBDAS highlights the challenges associated with expressing complex plant oxidocyclases in this photosynthetic host. Overall, this work provides mechanistic insights into enzyme compatibility and metabolic bottlenecks in microalgal systems and outlines key considerations for the future development of photosynthetic platforms for cannabinoid biocatalysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocatalysis and Biosynthesis: Opportunities and Challenges)
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