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Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition
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Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2025) | Viewed by 14526

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiujie Li

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
Interests: zeolite material; olefin conversion; CO2 utilization; heterogeneous catalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Guido Busca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
Interests: industrial chemical processes; industrial catalysis; metal catalysts; oxidation catalysts; catalyst carriers; catalysts characterization; catalysts development; mechanism of catalytic reactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is the second edition of the Special Issue “Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section”. In this new edition, we welcome the submission of original and high-quality research communications, articles, and review papers on topics related to the practical application of catalysts and catalysis in industrial processes, including refinery and petrochemistry, fine chemistry, biomass conversion, e-fuel production, etc. 

Heterogeneous catalysis has been a cornerstone of industrial chemistry for over a century. In fact, a significant majority—likely over 85%—of real industrial chemical processes involve catalysis. Heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis will also be involved in the appraching energy transition, as they are used extensively in technologies for producing and converting hydrogen, producing e-fuels and hydrogen carrier molecules, converting biomasses to biofuels, storing energy, etc. Given its enormous practical relevance, research in this field is highly active at both the academic and industrial levels. In recent years, catalysis has also emerged as a crucial factor in the electrodic reactions that occur in electrochemical devices such as batteries, electrolysis cells, and fuel cells. Therefore, the advancement of industrial catalysis is essential for the development of catalytic reactors and processes and their subsequent industrialization. 

This Special Issue aims to address the optimization of catalytic activity, the selectivity of desired products, the thermal stability of catalysts, as well as molecular, reactor, and process modeling. It will also include kinetic investigations and studies related to the end-of-life of spent catalysts and their reutilization. 

We hope that this Special Issue will serve as a platform for collaboration among chemists, chemical engineers, and physicists from both industry and academia. All contributors should have a strong understanding of the practical aspects of industrial processes, enabling them to develop and optimize catalytic chemical processes effectively.

Prof. Dr. Xiujie Li
Prof. Dr. Guido Busca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial catalysis
  • catalyst design
  • reaction kinetics
  • process optimization
  • catalyst characterization
  • catalysis and chemical engineering
  • catalysis for energy
  • catalytic activity and product selectivity
  • catalyst synthesis
  • emerging trends in catalysis

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4413 KB  
Article
Combined Effects of TiO2 Support and Ru Salt Precursor on the Performance of Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation
by Alexandros K. Bikogiannakis, Andriana Lymperi, Georgios Bampos, Christina Papadopoulou, Dimitrios Dragatogiannis, Kyriakos Bourikas, Alexandros Katsaounis and Georgios Kyriakou
Catalysts 2026, 16(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16030220 - 1 Mar 2026
Viewed by 918
Abstract
The CO2 hydrogenation reaction is a cornerstone reaction in catalytic conversion technologies, with Ru/TiO2 catalysts being amongst the most active and selective for CH4 formation. A key factor in the preparation of such catalysts is the choice of chemical precursor [...] Read more.
The CO2 hydrogenation reaction is a cornerstone reaction in catalytic conversion technologies, with Ru/TiO2 catalysts being amongst the most active and selective for CH4 formation. A key factor in the preparation of such catalysts is the choice of chemical precursor for Ru impregnation, as it can substantially influence the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance. In this study, we deliberately employ a simple incipient wetness impregnation method to isolate the effect of the Ru precursor itself, using two different Ru precursors for the synthesis of Ru/TiO2 catalysts intended for CO2 hydrogenation and evaluating their properties using analytical techniques such as XRF, XRD, TEM, XPS and H2-TPR. Our results show that catalysts prepared from ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate solutions display enhanced reducibility and slightly stronger metal–support interactions compared to those prepared from ruthenium chloride solutions. These features enable higher CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. The results of this work provide grounds for the targeted chemical precursor selection, while clarifying the reason behind the observed effects on catalytic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 3659 KB  
Article
Co-Deactivation of Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst by K2SO4 Solid-State Diffusion and Hydrothermal Aging
by Zixin Jiang, Xiaodong Wu, Yue Ma, Rui Ran, Changlong Zheng and Lun Hua
Catalysts 2026, 16(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16020150 - 3 Feb 2026
Viewed by 589
Abstract
Cu-SSZ-13, the most widely used catalyst in diesel selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, often suffers severe deactivation, including hydrothermal aging and ash poisoning. In comparison with traditional impregnation in laboratory work, a more realistic solid-state diffusion method was employed to simulate K2 [...] Read more.
Cu-SSZ-13, the most widely used catalyst in diesel selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, often suffers severe deactivation, including hydrothermal aging and ash poisoning. In comparison with traditional impregnation in laboratory work, a more realistic solid-state diffusion method was employed to simulate K2SO4 poisoning on a commercial Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst with high aluminum and copper contents. Hydrothermal aging at 650 °C alone induces severe framework dealumination and transformation of isolated Cu2+ ions to copper aluminate (CuAlOx) species. K2SO4 poisoning alone is more prone to detached Cu2+ ions and aluminum terminal hydroxyl group to form CuSO4 and Al2(SO4)3. The presence of water vapor during K2SO4 poisoning dramatically reduces SCR activity by accelerating the ion-exchange between K+ and Cu2+ and zeolite dealumination. These synergistic effects promote extensive detachment of active Cu species, resulting in the formation of predominating inert sulfates, along with a small amount of CuOx clusters. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for designing catalysts with enhanced resistance to both hydrothermal aging and ash poisoning in diesel aftertreatment applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 1187 KB  
Article
Nucleophilic Reactivity of Calcium Carbide: Its Catalytic Activation and Reaction with Acetone to Synthesize Non-Ionic Defoamers
by Ziqi Zhang, Hui Xu, Haojie Chu, Hong Meng, Hongwei Fan, Yingzhou Lu and Chunxi Li
Catalysts 2026, 16(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16010049 - 2 Jan 2026
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Methylbutynol (MB) is a typical propargylic alcohol with both alkynyl and hydroxyl groups, featuring excellent modifiability and broad applications. Currently, it is produced through the reaction of alkaline metallic acetylides and acetone, requiring expensive raw material and harsh reaction conditions. Herein, a novel [...] Read more.
Methylbutynol (MB) is a typical propargylic alcohol with both alkynyl and hydroxyl groups, featuring excellent modifiability and broad applications. Currently, it is produced through the reaction of alkaline metallic acetylides and acetone, requiring expensive raw material and harsh reaction conditions. Herein, a novel method was proposed by replacing the metallic acetylide with calcium carbide (CaC2) as a low-cost industrial acetylide reagent. The effects of solvent, activator, and proton donor on the ball mill reaction, and the defoaming performance of the resultant MB and its oxidative coupling product (2,7-dimethyl-3,5-octadiyn-2,7-diol), were studied. Nucleophilic reactivity of CaC2 with acetone can be regulated by the activating effect of the ball mill, an appropriate activator, and a proton donor. High yield of MB (~94%) was obtained under synergistic action of TBAF·3H2O and acetylene, which represents a facile synthesis process of MB under mild conditions. MB exhibits good defoaming performance, and 2,7-dimethyl-3,5-octadiyn-2,7-diol is more promising, being an excellent non-ionic defoamer. The result is of great significance for exploring new chemical reactions of CaC2 and its high-value utilizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 7287 KB  
Article
The Conversion of Syngas to Long-Chain α-Olefins over Rh-Promoted CoMnOx Catalyst
by Yuting Dai, Xuemin Cao, Fei Qian, Xia Li, Li Zhang, Peng He, Zhi Cao and Chang Song
Catalysts 2025, 15(12), 1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121122 - 1 Dec 2025
Viewed by 805
Abstract
The direct synthesis of long-chain α-olefins from syngas offers a strategically vital pathway for producing high-value chemicals from alternative carbon resources. However, achieving high selectivity toward C5+ olefins remains challenging due to competing paraffin formation and difficulties in precisely regulating chain growth [...] Read more.
The direct synthesis of long-chain α-olefins from syngas offers a strategically vital pathway for producing high-value chemicals from alternative carbon resources. However, achieving high selectivity toward C5+ olefins remains challenging due to competing paraffin formation and difficulties in precisely regulating chain growth kinetics. To mitigate these critical challenges, a series of Rh-promoted Co-Mn catalysts supported on SiO2 were synthesized using a carbon-mediated impregnation strategy for the direct conversion of syngas to long-chain α-olefins (C5+). The introduction of Rh significantly enhanced both catalytic activity and C5+ olefin selectivity. The optimal 1.1 wt% Rh-loaded catalyst achieved 24.6% CO conversion and 46.0% total olefin selectivity, with 34.2% of the selectivity toward C5+ olefins, while maintaining low CH4 (6.2%) and CO2 (<1%) selectivity. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, H2-TPR, XPS, and TEM/HAADF-STEM, revealed that the carbon-mediated method facilitated the formation of highly dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies and strengthened the Co-MnOx interface. Rh promotion modulated the cobalt speciation (Co0/Co2+), improved reducibility, and enhanced the metal-support interaction. This promoted chain growth and olefin desorption while suppressing over-hydrogenation. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Rh promotion and carbon mediation in designing high-performance Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for selective α-olefin synthesis, offering new insights into the design of efficient metal-oxide interfacial catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 3031 KB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Uniform NiO Nanoparticles Exclusively Confined in Mesoporous SBA-15 with High Loading for Ammonia Decomposition
by Yun Xu, Tianfa Tang, Pengyao Wang, Chunlei Zhang, Jianbo Zhao, Ke Zhuang and Changjin Tang
Catalysts 2025, 15(11), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15111016 - 29 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
The fabrication of highly loaded and uniformly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is much desired but still remains a great challenge. Herein, the NiO NPs exclusively confined in mesoporous silica SBA-15 were obtained by using nickel nitrate hydrate as a precursor through a [...] Read more.
The fabrication of highly loaded and uniformly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is much desired but still remains a great challenge. Herein, the NiO NPs exclusively confined in mesoporous silica SBA-15 were obtained by using nickel nitrate hydrate as a precursor through a facile solvent-free preparation method, which comprised manual grinding of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O with SBA-15 and subsequent air calcination. Characterization results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that aggregation-free NiO nanoparticles with sizes of 3–5 nm were obtained at loading as high as 20 wt.% (weight%). Further increasing the NiO loading to 30 wt.% led to partial agglomeration of discrete nanoparticles to rod-like particles, while no external particles were observed. By comparing the sample derived from nickel acetate with exclusively external NiO particles, it was established that the pore confinement provided NiO nanoparticles with high thermal stability. Lastly, the catalytic performance of the prepared sample was evaluated in the model reaction of ammonia decomposition to COx-free H2, and the stable NH3 conversion of 93.7% was achieved at the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) value of 30,000 mL·g−1·h−1 and at high temperature of 650 °C for 60 h, demonstrating the great potential of the solvent-free method in preparing thermally stable and robust supported catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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31 pages, 2847 KB  
Article
Effects of Crystallinity and Pore Architecture of Titanium Silicalites on α-Pinene Oxidation
by Jadwiga Grzeszczak, Agnieszka Wróblewska and Beata Michalkiewicz
Catalysts 2025, 15(9), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090860 - 5 Sep 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1150
Abstract
Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is an effective catalyst, but its limited pore size restricts the access of bulky substrates such as α-pinene. In our previous studies, a TS-1 catalyst with a Si/Ti molar ratio of 20:1 demonstrated high activity in α-pinene oxidation but suffered [...] Read more.
Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is an effective catalyst, but its limited pore size restricts the access of bulky substrates such as α-pinene. In our previous studies, a TS-1 catalyst with a Si/Ti molar ratio of 20:1 demonstrated high activity in α-pinene oxidation but suffered from diffusion limitations. To overcome this drawback, four new titanium silicate catalysts were synthesized using the reference TS-1 as the parent material (TS-1 catalyst with the Si/Ti molar ratio of 20:1). MTS-1_1 and MTS-1_2 were prepared via a co-templating method, while HTS-1_1 and HTS-1_2 were obtained through post-synthetic recrystallization using triethylamine (method I) or sulfuric acid followed by triethylamine (method II). All catalysts were characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDXRF, and nitrogen sorption, and their activity was tested in solvent-free oxidation of α-pinene using molecular oxygen. The influence of temperature, catalyst content, and reaction time on the conversion of α-pinene and the selectivities of the main products was investigated. All modified materials exhibited higher catalytic activity than the reference TS-1 material. HTS-1_2 showed the best results, achieving the conversion of α-pinene of 21 mol% and the selectivity of transformation to α-pinene oxide of 35 mol%. Verbenol and verbenone were also formed as valuable oxygenated products. The developed catalysts enable a green and efficient transformation of renewable α-pinene into high-value derivatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 3018 KB  
Article
Theoretical Study on the Effect of Pd/Zn Ratio on Benzene Hydrogenation Catalytic Activity and Selectivity
by Yuke Cui, Ning Wang, Jingli Han, Zhiyuan Wang, Meng Zhang, Zhikun Peng, Zhongyi Liu, Francesc Illas and Yongpeng Yang
Catalysts 2025, 15(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15010057 - 9 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2194
Abstract
Partial hydrogenation of benzene is the main approach to cyclohexene synthesis in industry. Here, the reaction mechanisms of benzene hydrogenation on Pd-Zn bimetallic catalysts were studied using density functional theory, with the aim of understanding the effect of different Pd/Zn ratios on catalytic [...] Read more.
Partial hydrogenation of benzene is the main approach to cyclohexene synthesis in industry. Here, the reaction mechanisms of benzene hydrogenation on Pd-Zn bimetallic catalysts were studied using density functional theory, with the aim of understanding the effect of different Pd/Zn ratios on catalytic activity and cyclohexene selectivity. Three different surfaces, Pd(111), Pd4Zn1(111), and Pd2Zn1(111), were considered as catalyst models. It was found that increasing the Zn concentration decreases the hydrogenation energy barriers while also hindering the reverse reactions. These findings are corroborated by microkinetic simulations and also indicate that cyclohexene selectivity increases with higher Zn concentration but at the expense of reaction activity, which decreases due to the weaker C6H6* and H* adsorption strength in systems with high Zn concentration. The hydrogen coverage has a significant effect on the reaction activity, degree of rate control coefficient, and apparent activation energy as well. For the high hydrogen coverage situations, C6H9 hydrogenation is the rate-controlling step on H1.0/Pd(111) at all considered temperatures, but the degree of rate control for the C6H11 hydrogenation step significantly increases at high temperatures. For H0.8/Pd4Zn1(111), the rate-controlling step changes from C6H7 hydrogenation to C6H9 hydrogenation with increasing temperature, and for H0.67/Pd2Zn1(111), it changes from C6H7 and C6H8 hydrogenation to C6H10 hydrogenation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 2794 KB  
Article
CO2-Assisted Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene over Modified SiO2 Based Catalysts
by Alexandra Florou, Aliki Kokka, Georgios Bampos and Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou
Catalysts 2024, 14(12), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14120933 - 18 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3199
Abstract
The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 (CO2-ODP) was investigated over different metal oxides MxOy (M: Ca, Sn, Cr, Ga) supported on a SiO2 surface. Catalysts were characterized employing nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO2 [...] Read more.
The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 (CO2-ODP) was investigated over different metal oxides MxOy (M: Ca, Sn, Cr, Ga) supported on a SiO2 surface. Catalysts were characterized employing nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO2 temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and pyridine adsorption/desorption experiments in order to identify their physicochemical properties and correlate them with their activity and selectivity for the CO2-ODP reaction. The effect of operating reaction conditions on catalytic performance was also examined, aiming to improve the propylene yield and suppress side reactions. Surface acidity and basicity were found to be affected by the nature of MxOy, which in turn affected the conversion of propane to propylene, which was in all cases higher compared to that of bare SiO2. Propane conversion, reaction rate and selectivities towards propylene and carbon monoxide were maximized for the Ga- and Cr-containing catalysts characterized by moderate surface basicity, which were also able to limit the undesired reactions leading to ethylene and methane byproducts. High surface acidity was found to be beneficial for the CO2-ODP reaction, which, however, should not be excessive to ensure high catalytic activity. The silica-supported Ga2O3 catalyst exhibited sufficient stability with time and better than that of the most active Cr2O3-SiO2 catalyst. Decreasing the weight gas hourly space velocity resulted in a significant improvement in both propane conversion and propylene yield as well as a suppression of undesired product formation. Increasing CO2 concentration in the feed did not practically affect propane conversion, while led to a decrease in propylene yield. The ratio of propylene to ethylene selectivity was optimized for CO2:C3H8 = 5:1 and space velocity of 6000 mL g−1 h−1, most possibly due to facilitation of the C–H bond cleavage against that of the C–C bond. Results of the present study provided evidence that the efficient conversion of propane to propylene is feasible over silica-based composite metal oxides, provided that catalyst characteristics have been optimized and reaction conditions have been properly selected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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53 pages, 4403 KB  
Review
Cobalt Oxides and Co-Al Mixed Oxides as Thermo-, Photo- and Electrocatalytic Materials: Properties and Perspectives of Industrial Applications
by Guido Busca, Elena Spennati, Elisabetta Finocchio, Paola Riani and Gabriella Garbarino
Catalysts 2026, 16(4), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16040308 - 1 Apr 2026
Viewed by 679
Abstract
The literature data on the solid-state and surface chemistry of cobalt and cobalt–aluminum oxide and hydroxide systems are reviewed. The actual and potential applications of these materials in the fields of catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption and sensor technologies are reviewed. A comprehensive analysis [...] Read more.
The literature data on the solid-state and surface chemistry of cobalt and cobalt–aluminum oxide and hydroxide systems are reviewed. The actual and potential applications of these materials in the fields of catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption and sensor technologies are reviewed. A comprehensive analysis of the peculiar redox and acid–base properties of these cobalt-based systems, both at the solid–gas and at the solid–water solution interface, is conducted. Evidence is provided for the exceptional versatility of these systems and on their relevant potential for optimal applications, in particular, in several catalytic total oxidation reactions, in N2O catalytic decomposition, in ammonia catalytic oxidation to NO, as electrocatalysts in water splitting reactions, as active elements in supercapacitors, and as precursors of cobalt metal-based systems. It is underlined that these systems could successfully substitute more critical and expensive noble metal-based systems in several technological fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 4896 KB  
Review
Catalyst Design and Engineering for Enhanced Microplastic Degradation and Upcycling—A Review
by Chunxiang Zhu, Ge Zeng and Pu-Xian Gao
Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100984 - 14 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), defined as synthetic polymer particles ranging from 1 μm to 5 mm, originate from various sources, including synthetic textiles, tire wear, degraded plastic waste, etc. Their small size and chemical stability make them challenging to remove, collect and degrade, posing significant [...] Read more.
Microplastics (MPs), defined as synthetic polymer particles ranging from 1 μm to 5 mm, originate from various sources, including synthetic textiles, tire wear, degraded plastic waste, etc. Their small size and chemical stability make them challenging to remove, collect and degrade, posing significant adverse effects to both ecosystems and human health. While efforts to develop sustainable alternatives and removal methods are ongoing, effective solutions remain limited. Catalytic degradation and upcycling present a promising route to mitigate MP pollution by enabling efficient breakdown into less harmful molecules and potential upcycling into valuable products with lower energy requirements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in catalyst design and development specifically for MP degradation, highlighting photochemical, thermal, biological, electrochemical, and hybrid approaches. Key challenges, reaction mechanisms, and future directions are discussed, offering a timely reference for researchers in this emerging field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)
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