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Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring
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Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 3673

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400041, China
Interests: structural wind resistance; structural seismic resistance; large scale structural health testing; new materials; prefabricated structures
Dr. Yanru Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
Interests: structural analysis; earthquake disaster loss assessment; typhoon induced structural damage; wind characteristics; vulnerability
Dr. Lei Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400041, China
Interests: structural seismic resistance; structural analysis; mechanical properties of building materials; experimental testing methods; research on material mechanical behavior under multi-field coupling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite submissions of original research papers on the topic of “Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring”.

With the progress of society and economic development, a large number of engineering constructions are being carried out in various places, and more uniquely shaped and large-scale buildings and structures are appearing around the world. Due to issues in design, construction quality, load changes, and natural disasters, engineering buildings undergo deformation during construction and operation. If the deformation exceeds the limit, it will affect the use of the building and even cause accidents such as collapse. Due to the fact that deformation monitoring can provide necessary information for judging the safety of engineering buildings, the significance of deformation monitoring has become more important. Monitoring and control generate a large amount of data, making engineering mathematics particularly important in the monitoring and control process. Engineering mathematics can be applied to signal processing, state estimation and filtering, optimization and decision-making, fault diagnosis and prediction, and other aspects in monitoring and control processes, providing an important theoretical basis and methodological support for the design, implementation, and optimization of monitoring and control systems. The topics of interest include the following:

  • Structural analysis and modeling;
  • Sensor layout optimization;
  • Signal processing;
  • Structural control system design;
  • Data analysis and machine learning;
  • Real-time monitoring and early warning systems.

Prof. Dr. Xu Wang
Dr. Yanru Wang
Dr. Lei Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural health monitoring
  • structural control
  • environmental action
  • advanced remote sensing
  • structural durability
  • data processing
  • artificial intelligence
  • optimization

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4949 KiB  
Article
Research on Vehicle Fatigue Load Spectrum of Highway Bridges Based on Weigh-in-Motion Data
by Ruisheng Feng, Guilin Xie, Youjia Zhang, Hu Kong, Chao Wu and Haiming Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(5), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050675 - 21 Feb 2025
Viewed by 369
Abstract
Establishing an accurate vehicle fatigue load spectrum is a critical prerequisite for fatigue life analysis and design of highway bridges. However, the time-varying and regional characteristics of vehicle loads pose significant challenges to achieving this goal. This study focuses on vehicle data collected [...] Read more.
Establishing an accurate vehicle fatigue load spectrum is a critical prerequisite for fatigue life analysis and design of highway bridges. However, the time-varying and regional characteristics of vehicle loads pose significant challenges to achieving this goal. This study focuses on vehicle data collected by a weigh-in-motion system installed on a highway bridge in Chongqing, China. The statistical characteristics of vehicle-load-related parameters are analyzed, and the actual vehicle fatigue load spectrum for this section of the road is established. Specifically, vehicles are first categorized based on axle count characteristics. Then, statistical analyses are conducted on key parameters such as vehicle weight, headway time, and axle load for each vehicle type. Finally, the actual vehicle fatigue load spectrum is developed based on Miner’s linear damage rule and the equivalent fatigue damage principle, and the contributions of different vehicle types to fatigue damage are investigated. The results show that the weight distributions of different vehicle types follow a Gaussian mixture distribution, while the headway time distribution for each lane follows a log-normal distribution. A linear approximate relationship was observed between the axle loads of different vehicle types and their respective total weights. Although two-axle trucks exhibited higher frequencies, six-axle trucks contributed the most to structural fatigue damage, accounting for 53.81%. Therefore, six-axle trucks can be regarded as the standard fatigue vehicle model for this section of the road. These findings provide valuable insights for fatigue design and fatigue life assessment of highway bridges under similar vehicle loading conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring)
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21 pages, 9591 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Monitoring of Steel Beam Stress Based on PMN-PT Sensor
by Lihua Tan, Yingjie Zhou, Hu Kong, Zhiliang Yue, Qilong Wang and Lei Zhou
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2831; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092831 - 9 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1319
Abstract
Steel beams are widely used load-bearing components in bridge construction. They are prone to internal stress concentration under low-frequency vibrations caused by natural disasters and adverse loads, leading to microcracks and fractures, thereby accelerating the instability of steel components. Therefore, dynamic stress monitoring [...] Read more.
Steel beams are widely used load-bearing components in bridge construction. They are prone to internal stress concentration under low-frequency vibrations caused by natural disasters and adverse loads, leading to microcracks and fractures, thereby accelerating the instability of steel components. Therefore, dynamic stress monitoring of steel beams under low-frequency vibrations is crucial to ensure structural safety. This study proposed an external stress sensor based on PMN-PT material. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, comprehensive frequency response, and fast response speed. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of the sensor in actual engineering, the LETRY universal testing machine and drop hammer impact system were used to carry out stress monitoring tests and finite element simulations on scaled I-shaped steel beams with PMN-PT sensors attached. The results show that: (1) The PMN-PT sensor has exceptionally high sensitivity, maintained at 1.716~1.726 V/MPa in the frequency range of 0~1000 Hz. The sensor performance is much higher than that of PVDF sensors with the same adhesive layer thickness. (2) Under low-frequency random vibration, the sensor’s time domain and frequency domain output voltages are always consistent with the waveform of the applied load, which can reflect the changes in the structural stress state in real time. (3) Under the impact of a drop hammer, the sensor signal response delay is only 0.001 s, and the sensitivity linear fitting degree is above 0.9. (4) The simulation and experimental results are highly consistent, confirming the superior performance of the PMN-PT sensor, which can be effectively used for stress monitoring of steel structures in low-frequency vibration environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring)
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20 pages, 7351 KiB  
Article
Modelling the Smoke Flow Characteristics of a Comprehensive Pipe Gallery Fire with Rectangular Section
by Xu Wang, Zhilan Yao, Yanru Wang, Xianzhen Kong and Zhengxiu Lv
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071937 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1319
Abstract
In this study, a numerical model of the cable cabin of a comprehensive pipe gallery was established to study the smoke flow diffusion behaviour of a comprehensive pipe gallery fire under a rectangular cross-section. The effects of fire source power (Q = [...] Read more.
In this study, a numerical model of the cable cabin of a comprehensive pipe gallery was established to study the smoke flow diffusion behaviour of a comprehensive pipe gallery fire under a rectangular cross-section. The effects of fire source power (Q = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 MW) and fire source location (D = 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 m) on the smoke flow characteristics—such as smoke layer height and thickness, longitudinal airflow velocity, and ceiling temperature distribution—were analysed, and the corresponding prediction model was fitted. The results show the following: (1) The height of the smoke layer decreases with increasing fire power, and the predictive model of the smoke layer thickness obtained from the fitting is proportional to the smoke mass flow rate and inversely proportional to the aspect ratio of the pipe gallery. (2) Longitudinal air velocity prediction models of D < 50 m and D ≥ 50 m are fitted, and the average error between them and the numerical simulation values is 9.611%. (3) The temperature decay gradient of the smoke decreases gradually with increasing distance from the fire source, while there is a significant temperature difference between the two sides of the fire source. The average relative errors of the dimensionless temperature rise models fitted upstream and downstream of the fire source in the form of ΔTT0=AeBD−XH+C exponentials with respect to the numerical simulations were 11.688% and 7.296%, respectively. The results of the study can provide a reference for smoke flow and fire prevention and control in comprehensive pipe galleries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineering Mathematics in Structural Control and Monitoring)
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