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Biosensors
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Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications
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Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 10331

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vladimir Pozdin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
Interests: wearable health monitoring; in situ sensing; organic electronics; flexible inorganic devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Shu Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
Interests: wearable; sensors; gold nanowires; soft electronics; energy devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wearable biosensors are currently developed with the aim of on-body personalized health monitoring. Thus, tailoring the mechanical properties of the device, sensor design, and signal processing of wearable sensing, as well as tailoring the corresponding designs to match the application site, draw low power, and achieve physiologically relevant sensitivity, has raised high interest from relevant researchers all over the world. These advanced wearable biosensing technologies have promising potential in various healthcare applications, ranging from early disease diagnoses and patient monitoring to actual diagnoses and treatments.

In this Special Issue, we strive to highlight the development of wearable biosensing technologies across the areas of sensor design, flexible circuitry, and implantable devices. Related research articles, communications, perspective studies, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Vladimir Pozdin
Prof. Dr. Shu Gong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wearable biosensors
  • health monitoring
  • in-situ sensing
  • flexible sensors
  • soft electronics
  • electronic skin

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3861 KiB  
Article
Wearable Wireless Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System for Cognitive Activity Monitoring
by Mauro Victorio, James Dieffenderfer, Tanner Songkakul, Josh Willeke, Alper Bozkurt and Vladimir A. Pozdin
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020092 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1538
Abstract
From learning environments to battlefields to marketing teams, the desire to measure cognition and cognitive fatigue in real time has been a grand challenge in optimizing human performance. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an effective optical technique for measuring changes in subdermal hemodynamics, and [...] Read more.
From learning environments to battlefields to marketing teams, the desire to measure cognition and cognitive fatigue in real time has been a grand challenge in optimizing human performance. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an effective optical technique for measuring changes in subdermal hemodynamics, and it has been championed as a more practical method for monitoring brain function compared to MRI. This study reports on an innovative functional NIRS (fNIRS) sensor that integrates the entire system into a compact and wearable device, enabling long-term monitoring of patients. The device provides unrestricted mobility to the user with a Bluetooth connection for settings configuration and data transmission. A connected device, such as a smartphone or laptop equipped with the appropriate interface software, collects raw data, then stores and generates real-time analyses. Tests confirm the sensor is sensitive to oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes on the forehead region, which indicate neuronal activity and provide information for brain activity monitoring studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications)
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21 pages, 5252 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Layered Origami Tactile Sensory Ring for Wearable Biomechanical Monitoring
by Rajat Subhra Karmakar, Hsin-Fu Lin, Jhih-Fong Huang, Jui-I Chao, Ying-Chih Liao and Yen-Wen Lu
Biosensors 2025, 15(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010008 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1345
Abstract
An origami-based tactile sensory ring utilizing multilayered conductive paper substrates presents an innovative approach to wearable health applications. By harnessing paper’s flexibility and employing origami folding, the sensors integrate structural stability and self-packaging without added encapsulation layers. Knot-shaped designs create loop-based systems that [...] Read more.
An origami-based tactile sensory ring utilizing multilayered conductive paper substrates presents an innovative approach to wearable health applications. By harnessing paper’s flexibility and employing origami folding, the sensors integrate structural stability and self-packaging without added encapsulation layers. Knot-shaped designs create loop-based systems that secure conductive paper strips and protect sensing layers. Demonstrating a sensitivity of 3.8 kPa−1 at subtle pressures (0–0.05 kPa), the sensors detect both minimal stimuli and high-pressure inputs. Electrical modeling of various origami configurations identifies designs with optimized performance with a pentagon knot offering higher sensitivity to support high-sensitivity needs. Meanwhile a square knot provides greater precision and quicker recovery, balancing sensitivity and stability for real-time feedback devices. The enhanced elastic modulus from folds remains within human skin’s elasticity range, ensuring comfort. Applications include grip strength monitoring and pulse rate detection from the thumb, capturing pulse transit time (PTT), an essential cardiovascular biomarker. This design shows the potential of origami-based tactile sensors in creating versatile, cost-effective wearable health monitoring systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications)
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Review

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25 pages, 809 KiB  
Review
Wearable Sensors for Sleep Monitoring in Free-Living Environments: A Scoping Review on Parkinson’s Disease
by Joana Matos, Beatriz Ramos, Joana Fernandes, Clint Hansen, Walter Maetzler, Nuno Vila-Chã and Luís F. Maia
Biosensors 2025, 15(4), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040212 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple neural pathways, leading to a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are prevalent among PD patients and significantly impact symptomatology and patients’ quality [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple neural pathways, leading to a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are prevalent among PD patients and significantly impact symptomatology and patients’ quality of life. Wearable technology presents an opportunity to study these interactions in patients’ daily life environments without the limitations of in-clinic sleep studies. Thus, this review aims to explore how wearable technology has been employed or developed for the sleep monitoring of PD patients in free-living environments. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore to identify original research articles focusing on wearable sleep technology for the ambulatory monitoring of PD patients. Twenty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent structured data extraction and quality assessment. Key aspects analysed included subject demographics, extracted sleep parameters, identified sleep disorders, and the application of machine-learning algorithms. Wearable devices could offer a practical solution for long-term sleep monitoring in PD, though further validation is needed. The absence of standardised protocols and the lack of device validation within PD populations remain significant challenges. The evidence gathered in this study remains insufficient to define a standardised protocol for sleep assessment of PD patients in free-living environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications)
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61 pages, 4155 KiB  
Review
Transforming Sleep Monitoring: Review of Wearable and Remote Devices Advancing Home Polysomnography and Their Role in Predicting Neurological Disorders
by Diana Vitazkova, Helena Kosnacova, Daniela Turonova, Erik Foltan, Martin Jagelka, Martin Berki, Michal Micjan, Ondrej Kokavec, Filip Gerhat and Erik Vavrinsky
Biosensors 2025, 15(2), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15020117 - 17 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3629
Abstract
This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices contributing to advances in the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by exploring the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding sleep stages and associated [...] Read more.
This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices contributing to advances in the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by exploring the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding sleep stages and associated changes in physiological variables. The review then moves on to an analysis of specific cutting-edge devices and technologies, with an emphasis on their practical applications, user comfort, and accuracy. Attention is also given to the ability of these devices to predict neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The paper highlights the integration of hardware innovations, targeted sleep parameters, and partially advanced algorithms, illustrating how these elements converge to provide reliable sleep health information. By bridging the gap between clinical diagnosis and real-world applicability, this review aims to elucidate the role of modern sleep monitoring tools in improving personalised healthcare and proactive disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications)
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30 pages, 13353 KiB  
Review
Wearable Sensors for Plants: Status and Prospects
by Xuexin Yan, Yawen Pang, Kaiwen Niu, Bowen Hu, Zhengbo Zhu, Zuojun Tan and Hongwei Lei
Biosensors 2025, 15(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010053 - 15 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2455
Abstract
The increasing demand for smart agriculture has led to the development of agricultural sensor technology. Wearable sensors show great potential for monitoring the physiological and surrounding environmental information for plants due to their high flexibility, biocompatibility, and scalability. However, wearable sensors for plants [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for smart agriculture has led to the development of agricultural sensor technology. Wearable sensors show great potential for monitoring the physiological and surrounding environmental information for plants due to their high flexibility, biocompatibility, and scalability. However, wearable sensors for plants face several challenges that hinder their large-scale practical application. In this review, we summarize the current research status of wearable plant sensors by analyzing the classification, working principles, sensor materials, and structural design and discussing the multifunctional applications. More importantly, we comment on the challenges the wearable plant sensors face and provide our perspectives on further improving the sensitivity, reliability, and stability of wearable plant sensors for future smart agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: Materials, Functions and Applications)
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