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Biosensors
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Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition)
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Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 11937

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jin-Ho Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: biosensors; nanomaterials; biomaterials; stem cells; differentiation; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ki Su Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: biomaterials; biomedical application; theranostics; nanomedicine; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The advances in nano/microtechnologies in recent years have significantly improved biosensors in terms of their viability for biomedical purposes, from diagnostic to therapeutic applications, allowing for effective early detection and personalized treatment modalities. Specifically, the introduction of a variety of nano/microtechnologies has offered new opportunities to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and biocompatibility of biosensors through outstanding physical, chemical, electrical, and electrochemical properties.

Of great interest, this Special Issue aims to highlight the most recent and promising nano/microtechnologies utilized in the development of biosensors for biomedical applications. Thus, we cordially invite you here to contribute original research or review papers aligned with these themes, to lead new approaches and solutions to a next-generation biosensor for biomedical applications.

Dr. Jin-Ho Lee
Dr. Ki Su Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensors
  • nano/micromaterials
  • microsystem
  • physical
  • chemical
  • electrical
  • electrochemical

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2370 KB  
Article
Microneedle–Tissue Interaction Across Varying Biological and Mechanical Conditions
by Elham Lori Zoudani, Prabuddha De Saram, Kyle Engel, Nam-Trung Nguyen and Navid Kashaninejad
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080521 - 9 Aug 2025
Viewed by 794
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)–tissue interactions play a critical role in the efficiency and reliability of transdermal drug delivery and biosensing, yet their mechanistic understanding remains limited. This study systematically investigates the effects of biological (tissue type and temperature) and mechanical (needle design, material, and insertion [...] Read more.
Microneedle (MN)–tissue interactions play a critical role in the efficiency and reliability of transdermal drug delivery and biosensing, yet their mechanistic understanding remains limited. This study systematically investigates the effects of biological (tissue type and temperature) and mechanical (needle design, material, and insertion velocity) parameters on the performance of microneedle insertion and extraction. Experiments were performed on porcine skin, chicken breast, and agarose gel to represent varying tissue properties. Additionally, the effect of tissue temperature on replicating physiological conditions, such as hypo- and hyperthermia, was evaluated using porcine skin as the sample. A novel conical MN design integrated with surface suction-cup structures was developed to improve tissue adhesion. Mechanical responses were analyzed through force–displacement measurements, evaluating insertion force, extraction force, and relaxation time. Results show that elevated tissue temperature reduces insertion and extraction forces while shortening relaxation times, indicating increased tissue compliance. The suction-cup MNs significantly enhanced needle–tissue adhesion, with the most pronounced effect observed in chicken breast tissue, achieving more than a four-fold increase in extraction force compared to conventional conical needles. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the design of MNs for advanced biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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19 pages, 3018 KB  
Article
Development and Characterisation of a Microneedle Sensor for Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring
by J. M. Mitchell, C. V. Thatte, R. Sebastian, C. O’Mahony, R. A. Greene, J. R. Higgins, P. Galvin, F. P. McCarthy and S. R. Teixeira
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080517 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 660
Abstract
This study presents the in vitro and preliminary ex vivo development of a novel microneedle-based pH sensor for continuous intrapartum fetal monitoring. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using microneedle sensors to monitor fetal pH during labour and to develop a [...] Read more.
This study presents the in vitro and preliminary ex vivo development of a novel microneedle-based pH sensor for continuous intrapartum fetal monitoring. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using microneedle sensors to monitor fetal pH during labour and to develop a proof-of-principle microneedle pH sensor that meets clinical requirements such as high sensitivity to small pH changes (0.05 units) within a relevant range (6.50–7.45), minimal tissue disruption, and a compact design suitable for transcervical placement on the fetal scalp (<40 mm diameter). Platinum microneedles were passivated with ArCare medical adhesive and coated with iridium oxide via electrodeposition. Sensitivity was tested in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and artificial interstitial fluid (ISF), using both external Ag/AgCl and internal platinum pseudo-reference electrodes. In PBS, the sensor exhibited linear responses in increments of 0.05 pH units over the clinically relevant range (6.5–7.45), with slopes of −60.49 mV/pH (R2 = 0.946, accuracy = 97.65%) and −63.2 mV/pH (R2 = 0.910, accuracy = 93.70%) in the external and internal configurations, respectively. In ISF, a slope of −25.5 mV/pH (R2 = 0.979) was obtained. Ex vivo testing on human skin confirmed successful microneedle penetration without visible iridium oxide transfer or tissue damage, as indicated by methylene blue staining. These findings support the potential for continuous minimally invasive fetal pH monitoring during labour, representing a significant step toward more objective and specific intrapartum assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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Review

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52 pages, 4885 KB  
Review
Emerging Biomarkers and Nanobiosensing Strategies in Diabetes
by Anupriya Baranwal, Vipul Bansal and Ravi Shukla
Biosensors 2025, 15(10), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15100639 - 25 Sep 2025
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by impaired glucose regulation, leading to severe complications affecting multiple organ systems. Current diagnostic approaches primarily rely on glucose monitoring, which, while being effective, fails to capture the underlying molecular changes associated with disease progression. [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by impaired glucose regulation, leading to severe complications affecting multiple organ systems. Current diagnostic approaches primarily rely on glucose monitoring, which, while being effective, fails to capture the underlying molecular changes associated with disease progression. Emerging biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and adipokines offer new insights into diabetes pathophysiology, providing potential diagnostic and prognostic value beyond traditional methods. Given this, precise monitoring of the altered levels of miRNAs and adipokines can forge a path towards early diabetes diagnosis and improved disease management. Biosensors have revolutionised diabetes diagnostics, with glucose biosensors dominating the market for decades. However, recent advancements in nanobiosensors have expanded their scope beyond glucose detection, enabling highly sensitive and selective monitoring of biomolecular markers like miRNAs and adipokines. These nanotechnology-driven platforms offer rapid, inexpensive, and minimally invasive detection strategies, paving the way for improved disease management. This review provides an overview of diabetes, along with its pathogenesis, complications, and demographics, and explores the clinical relevance of miRNAs and adipokines as emerging biomarkers. It further examines the evolution of biosensor technologies, highlights recent developments in nanobiosensors for biomarker detection, and critically analyses the challenges and future directions in this growing field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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23 pages, 3035 KB  
Review
SERS-Driven Evolution of Lateral and Vertical Flow Assays in Medical Diagnostics
by Boyou Heo and Ho Sang Jung
Biosensors 2025, 15(9), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15090573 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 872
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful signal amplification strategy to address the inherent limitations of conventional flow-based diagnostic methods such as lateral flow analysis (LFA) and vertical flow analysis (VFA). By incorporating SERS-active nanostructures into these platforms, SERS-integrated LFA and [...] Read more.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful signal amplification strategy to address the inherent limitations of conventional flow-based diagnostic methods such as lateral flow analysis (LFA) and vertical flow analysis (VFA). By incorporating SERS-active nanostructures into these platforms, SERS-integrated LFA and VFA systems have significantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing performance while maintaining the simplicity and portability of conventional approaches. In this review, we summarize recent advances in SERS-enhanced flow-based diagnostics with a focus on exogenous and endogenous disease detection. Exogenous targets include viral antigens, bacterial pathogens, and foodborne contaminants such as mycotoxins and antibiotic residues. Endogenous applications include therapeutic drug monitoring, inflammation profiling, cancer biomarker detection, and exosome-based molecular subtyping. We highlight the structural differences between LFA and VFA approaches and their impact on analytical performance, and explore the advantages of SERS-integrated platforms for rapid and multiplexed detection in complex biological matrices. Finally, we provide an overview of key technical challenges, such as signal reproducibility, matrix interference, and device integration, and discuss future directions for clinical implementation of SERS-based flow diagnostics in point-of-care settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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27 pages, 5720 KB  
Review
MXene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Advancing Detection Strategies for Biosensing (2020–2024)
by Joydip Sengupta and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Biosensors 2025, 15(3), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15030127 - 20 Feb 2025
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4594
Abstract
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have emerged as promising candidates for developing advanced electrochemical biosensors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, large surface area, and rich surface chemistry. These unique properties enable high sensitivity, rapid response, and versatile functionalization, making MXene-based biosensors [...] Read more.
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have emerged as promising candidates for developing advanced electrochemical biosensors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, large surface area, and rich surface chemistry. These unique properties enable high sensitivity, rapid response, and versatile functionalization, making MXene-based biosensors highly suitable for detecting biomolecules and pathogens in biomedical applications. This review explores recent advancements in MXene-based electrochemical biosensors from 2020 to 2024, focusing on their design principles, fabrication strategies, and integration with microfluidic platforms for enhanced performance. The potential of MXene sensors to achieve real-time and multiplexed detection is highlighted, alongside the associated challenges. Emphasis is placed on the role of MXenes in addressing critical needs in disease diagnostics, personalized medicine, and point-of-care testing, providing insights into future trends and transformative possibilities in the field of biomedical sensing technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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31 pages, 6856 KB  
Review
Biomedical Applications of CNT-Based Fibers
by Yun Ho Jeong, Mina Kwon, Sangsoo Shin, Jaegeun Lee and Ki Su Kim
Biosensors 2024, 14(3), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14030137 - 7 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4221
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as emerging materials in various applications. However, the range of biomedical applications is limited due to the aggregation and potential toxicity of powder-type CNTs. To overcome these issues, techniques to assemble them into various macroscopic structures, such [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as emerging materials in various applications. However, the range of biomedical applications is limited due to the aggregation and potential toxicity of powder-type CNTs. To overcome these issues, techniques to assemble them into various macroscopic structures, such as one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional aerogels, have been developed. Among them, carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is a one-dimensional aggregate of CNTs, which can be used to solve the potential toxicity problem of individual CNTs. Furthermore, since it has unique properties due to the one-dimensional nature of CNTs, CNTF has beneficial potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the biomedical applications using CNTF, such as the detection of biomolecules or signals for biosensors, strain sensors for wearable healthcare devices, and tissue engineering for regenerating human tissues. In addition, by considering the challenges and perspectives of CNTF for biomedical applications, the feasibility of CNTF in biomedical applications is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro Biosensors for Biomedical Applications (2nd Edition))
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