Fluorescent Materials with Excellent Biocompatibility and Their Application in Bio-Sensing, Bio-Imaging (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2497

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
Interests: fluorescent material; luminescence material; fluorescent probe; fluorescent sensor; biosensor; fluorescent imaging; bioimaging; photosensitizer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
Interests: fluorescent material; luminescence material; fluorescent probe; fluorescent sensor; biosensor; fluorescent imaging; bioimaging; photosensitizer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: fluorescent material; luminescence material; fluorescent probe; fluorescent sensor; biosensor; fluorescent imaging; bioimaging; photosensitizer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
Interests: fluorescent material; luminescence material; fluorescent probe; fluorescent sensor; biosensor; fluorescent imaging; bioimaging; photosensitizer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluorescent material is an extensively studied issue in the bio-field because it is easy to functionalize and tune fluorescence colour. In previous decades, major progress in the synthesis, characterization, and application of fluorescent materials has been accomplished, along with the recent development of nano-, biobased, sensor, imaging, and high-performance material-based technologies. These advanced technologies promote the application of fluorescent materials in a wide range of applications, for instance, bio-sensing, bio-labelling, bio-tracing, bio-imaging, diseases diagnosis, and therapy, etc. To advance the use of fluorescent materials in the bio-field, the development of biocompatible fluorescent materials (BFM) has become increasingly relevant. The intention of this research topic is to describe the biocompatible fluorescent materials (BFM), the recent breakthroughs in this field, and their application in the bio-field. Our attention will be focused on: (i) the fabrication of novel fluorescent detection devices for bio-objects; and (ii) applications in bio-field, bio-sensing, bio-tracing, bio-imaging and diseases diagnosis and therapy, etc. We hope that this research topic will attract the attention of academic and industrial researchers who are interested in the development of biocompatible fluorescent materials (BFM) and their biological applications. Our goal is to stimulate ideas, methods, and technologies related to chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, bioscience, and electronics in this exciting area.

We welcome manuscripts from diverse aspects of fluorescent materials, including but not limited to the following:

  • Synthesis and design of novel fluorescent materials with excellent biocompatibility;
  • Preparation of fluorescent materials, including materials synthesis and purification;
  • Multi-scale techniques and morphological studies on biocompatible fluorescent materials;
  • Investigation of fluorescent materials structure-property relationships;
  • Applications in cell-labelling, tumour labelling and therapy, bio-sensing, bio-imaging, etc.;
  • The fabrication of novel fluorescent detection devices for bio-object.

Dr. Yalong Wang
Prof. Dr. Mingqiang Zhu
Dr. Deteng Zhang
Dr. Meng Zheng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fluorescent material
  • luminescence material
  • fluorescent probe
  • fluorescent sensor
  • biosensor
  • fluorescent imaging
  • bioimaging photosensitizer

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 11885 KB  
Article
Dopant-Engineered Downshifting Nanoparticles with Dual NIR-II Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis and Image-Guided Surgery of Breast Cancer
by Zia Ullah, Mu Du, Lihong Jiang, Yibin Yan, Yuqian Yan, Jingsi Gu, Jing Cheng, Bing Guo and Zun Wang
Biosensors 2026, 16(3), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16030180 - 23 Mar 2026
Viewed by 289
Abstract
As surgery is the first-line paradigm for many solid tumors, precision in preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative imaging is of significant importance. Dual MRI and NIR-II fluorescence imaging could fulfill precision imaging requirements in treating cancers, because of its deep penetration and real-time high [...] Read more.
As surgery is the first-line paradigm for many solid tumors, precision in preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative imaging is of significant importance. Dual MRI and NIR-II fluorescence imaging could fulfill precision imaging requirements in treating cancers, because of its deep penetration and real-time high spatiotemporal resolution. Thus, the design of dual MRI/NIR-II fluorescence contrast agents is crucial for the diagnosis and surgery of cancers. Herein, we developed optically transparent NaGdF4 matrix-based downshifting nanoparticles (DSNPs) co-doped with Nd3+, Yb3+, and Er3+ as a single nanoplatform for dual NIR-II fluorescence and T1-weighted MRI. Systematic dopant engineering reveals that optimal Nd3+ loading enhances cascade Nd → Yb → Er energy transfer and yields intense NIR-II emission at 1334 and 1521 nm upon 808 nm excitation with a relative quantum yield of 1.55, while the presence of Gd3+ in the optically transparent matrix imparts strong T1 contrast (4.98 s−1 mM−1). The Pluronic F-127 surface coating confers colloidal stability and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirm negligible cytotoxicity and efficient cellular uptake. In vivo studies in subcutaneous 4T1 tumor-bearing mice demonstrate robust accumulation, high tumor-to-background contrast in both MRI/NIR-II fluorescence and enable precise NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgery with real-time margin visualization. Therefore, dopant-engineered DSNPs represent a promising dual-modal imaging agent for deep-tissue diagnostic and real-time surgical guidance in precision oncology. Full article
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15 pages, 5144 KB  
Article
Imprinted Proteins as a Receptor in Fluorescent Sensing Microplate Assay for Herbicide Determination
by Kirill Y. Presnyakov, Ivan S. Matlakhov, Ivan A. Reshetnik, Polina M. Ilicheva, Daria V. Tsyupka, Daria G. Koganova, Svetlana A. Mescheryakova, Tatyana Y. Rusanova, Mikhail V. Pozharov, Daniil D. Drozd, Pavel S. Pidenko, Irina Y. Goryacheva and Natalia A. Burmistrova
Biosensors 2026, 16(3), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16030149 - 3 Mar 2026
Viewed by 406
Abstract
The manuscript describes an optical sensing microplate for the high-throughput screening of imidazolinone herbicides in soil extracts. As far as we know, imprinted proteins (IPs) specific to imidazolinone herbicides have not been synthesized and used as a recognition element for their solid-phase extraction [...] Read more.
The manuscript describes an optical sensing microplate for the high-throughput screening of imidazolinone herbicides in soil extracts. As far as we know, imprinted proteins (IPs) specific to imidazolinone herbicides have not been synthesized and used as a recognition element for their solid-phase extraction before. Imprinted bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were synthesized in the presence of imazamox as a template and then these IPs were immobilized at the bottom of microplate wells. The sorption capacity (Q) of aminated silica nanoparticles modified by IPs (IP–BIS) was 6.38 mg g−1 while the imprinting factor (IF) equaled 2.6. The concentration of imazamox was determined by a “turn-off” solid-phase assay using alloyed CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as a component of fluorescent substrate. Alloyed CdZnSeS/ZnS QDs were stabilized in an aqueous phase by positively charged cysteamine that, as far we know, had not been used as this type of ligand before. Our method allows for determining the concentration of imazamox in the range of 0.5–9.2 μg mL−1, with a limit of quantification limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 0.45 μg mL−1 The sensing microplate enables parallel detection of up to 96 samples containing herbicides using standard fluorescence microplate readers or smartphones. The paper describes how such sensing microplates can be used for the analysis of artificially contaminated soil samples. The proposed approach combines pre-concentration of analyte at the IPs with its subsequent determination on a single analytical platform, thus allowing for both highly sensitive determination in laboratory conditions and mass screening in the field. Full article
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16 pages, 2247 KB  
Article
Magnetic Europium Ion-Based Fluorescence Sensing Probes for the Detection of Tetracyclines in Complex Samples
by Miftakhul Jannatin and Yu-Chie Chen
Biosensors 2026, 16(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16010029 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 621
Abstract
Eu3+ is a fluorescent and paramagnetic ion whose emission intensity increases when chelated with enhancers such as tetracycline (TC). In this study, Eu3+ was conjugated with citric acid (CA) to form magnetic fluorescent probes capable of capturing trace TC from solutions. [...] Read more.
Eu3+ is a fluorescent and paramagnetic ion whose emission intensity increases when chelated with enhancers such as tetracycline (TC). In this study, Eu3+ was conjugated with citric acid (CA) to form magnetic fluorescent probes capable of capturing trace TC from solutions. The probes were rapidly prepared (~2.25 min) and trapped TC within ~2.5 min under microwave heating. The method enabled sensitive detection of TC, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline with detection limits of ~3–7 nM by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was successfully applied to real food samples, including fresh chicken broth and commercial broth cubes, achieving high accuracy (93.7% and 96.6%). This dual-functional probe offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting TC residues in complex food matrices, demonstrating strong potential for food-safety monitoring. Full article
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14 pages, 1256 KB  
Article
A First Case of Fluorescence Polarization Biosensor-Based Assay for Rapid Monitoring of Protein API Content in Tablet Dosage Forms: Detection of Lysozyme in Tablets
by Svetlana M. Filimonova, Ksenia S. Balyklova, Dmitry O. Zherdev, Sergei A. Eremin, Liliya I. Mukhametova, Vadim B. Krylov and Nikolay E. Nifantiev
Biosensors 2025, 15(11), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15110724 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 758
Abstract
Protein-based APIs represent a big group of modern therapeutics. Their characterization involves complex analytical protocols which require special methods, especially in the case when the protein drug is included into tablet dosage forms. Although the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) is not currently regulated [...] Read more.
Protein-based APIs represent a big group of modern therapeutics. Their characterization involves complex analytical protocols which require special methods, especially in the case when the protein drug is included into tablet dosage forms. Although the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) is not currently regulated by many national Pharmacopeias, it represents a promising approach for protein drug standardization, considering their rapid, sensitive, and automatable detection suitable for high-throughput analysis and real-time quality control. To evaluate the applicability of FPA for the analysis of protein drugs in tablets, the quantifying of lysozyme in tablet dosage forms was studied by this method with the use of a fluorescently labeled synthetic chitooligosaccharide tracer. It was shown that this approach overcomes the limitations of the conventional turbidimetric assay of lysozyme determination, which is labor-intensive and relies on unstable reagents. Measurements were performed with both portable and stationary fluorescence polarization readers. Commercial tablets from five manufacturers containing lysozyme (20 mg) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (10 mg) together with other excipients were analyzed. The FPIA method showed a linear range of 5.0–70 µg/mL, with specificity confirmed by the absence of interference from excipients. Accuracy, evaluated by standard addition (10–20 mg), yielded recoveries of 100.2–106.0%. Placebo spiked with lysozyme at 80–120% of nominal content demonstrated recoveries of 98.0–100.1%, with RSD (n = 6) not exceeding 13.7%, indicating good precision. The developed method enables reliable lysozyme quantification in tablets, offering speed, simplicity, and robustness, and shows its suitability for the routine quality control of protein-containing dosage forms including the enzyme ones. Full article
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