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Biomolecules
Special Issues
The Ribosomal DNA: A Key Player in the Cell
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The Ribosomal DNA: A Key Player in the Cell

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2021) | Viewed by 2386

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anni Hangaard Andersen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Moellers Allé 3, Building 1131, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Interests: DNA topology in difficult-to-replicate genomic regions; DNA replication and transcription; DNA repair of topoisomerase mediated DNA damage; genomic instability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gives rise to ribosomal RNA, which constitutes an essential part of ribosomes, the platform for all protein synthesis in the cell. In eukaryotes, rDNA consists of many repeats, which form clusters in the genome. Five clusters exist in human cells whereas only one is found in budding yeast, S cerevisiae. Despite the difference in the overall organization, the repeats contain similar elements in all eukaryotes. Thus, the conserved ribosomal RNA genes are separated by less-conserved intergenic spacer regions holding an origin of replication, an element causing replication fork blockage and promoters for non-coding transcripts. A highly complex interplay occurs between all these elements to ensure the high production of ribosomal RNA, genomic stability, and rDNA copy number maintenance.

This Special Issue of Biomolecules will cover new advances in this highly complex interplay as well as highlight the implications of these for genomic stability in general, cancer, and aging.

Prof. Dr. Anni Hangaard Andersen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rDNA transcription
  • R-loop formation
  • rDNA replication
  • fork blockage
  • silencing
  • repeat stability
  • copy number maintenance
  • rDNA repair
  • genome instability
  • aging
  • cancer

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 2456 KiB  
Article
Age-Dependent and Tissue-Specific Alterations in the rDNA Clusters of the Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Cultivated Cell Lines
by Galina N. Chelomina, Konstantin V. Rozhkovan, Olga L. Burundukova, Tatiana Y. Gorpenchenko, Yulia A. Khrolenko and Yuri N. Zhuravlev
Biomolecules 2020, 10(10), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101410 - 06 Oct 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
Long-term cultivation of Panax ginseng cell lines leads to a decreasing synthesis of the biologically active substances used in traditional medicine. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms which may influence this process, we analyzed variations within the rDNA cluster of the Oriental [...] Read more.
Long-term cultivation of Panax ginseng cell lines leads to a decreasing synthesis of the biologically active substances used in traditional medicine. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms which may influence this process, we analyzed variations within the rDNA cluster of the Oriental ginseng cell lines. The cell lines were cultivated for 6 and 24 years; the number of nucleoli and chromosomes was analyzed. The complete 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide polymorphism and phylogenetic relations of the sequences were analyzed, and the secondary structures for separate 18S rRNA regions were modeled. The 18S rDNA accumulated mutations during cell cultivation that correlate well with an increase in the number of chromosomes and nucleoli. The patterns of nucleotide diversity are culture-specific and the increasing polymorphism associates with cytosine methylation sites. The secondary structures of some 18S rRNA regions and their interaction can alter during cultivation. The phylogenetic tree topologies are particular for each cell line.The observed alterations in rDNA clusters are associated with a somaclonal variation, leading to changes in the pattern of intracellular synthesis during cell cultivation. The identified divergent rRNAs could provide additional gene expression regulation in P. ginseng cells by forming heterogeneous ribosomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Ribosomal DNA: A Key Player in the Cell)
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