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4.1
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Journals
Atmosphere
Special Issues
Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping
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Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2021) | Viewed by 10245

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Wengang Mao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
Interests: ship energy efficiency measures; data-driven modeling; voyage optimization; autonomous ships
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anastassia Baxevani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
Interests: applications in engineering and environmental sciences; models for the sea surface
Dr. Nicolas Raillard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire Comportement des Structures en Mer, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, 29280 Plouzané, France
Interests: statistics of extremes; statistical modelling of waves and sea-states

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Shipping carries almost 90% of worldwide trade, emitting significant amount of air pollutants into the atmosphere including carbon dioxide, black carbon, NOx and SOx. The air emissions released from ships have a significant impact on climate change, ocean acidification, and pose a threat to public health and welfare. The climate change also results in more severe sea conditions that may challenge a ship’s safety when sailing at sea. It is urgent to develop and verify measures that can reduce air emissions from shipping.

The open-access journal Atmosphere is hosting this special issue to Ocean environment modelling and air emissions from shipping, to promote measures for decarbonizing shipping. Shipping sustainability is strongly related to ocean environments encountered by ships.  Development and promotion of energy efficiency measures depends on reliable spatio-temporal modelling of metocean environments as necessary inputs to estimate air emissions from ships. These ocean models are also the basis to explore renewable energy for ship propulsive sources, which can help shipping industry become carbon neutral. It is also essential to model air emissions from shipping by implementing various energy efficiency measures in terms of various sailing scenarios and business models.

To promote the decarbonization of maritime transport, this special issue would like to invite you for reporting your research that contributes to the development, evaluation, and installation of energy efficiency measures for reducing air emissions from shipping. Solicited contributions include but not limit to: statistical modelling of wind and waves, spatio-temporal modelling of air emissions due to transport, monitoring of air emissions from shipping, extreme sea conditions due to climate change, study of air emission reduction due to renewable propulsions, various energy efficiency measures to decarbonize shipping. Papers on measures and models to evaluate fuel and air emissions from shipping, climate impact from artic shipping, as well as barriers to fossil free shipping are also welcome.

Dr. Wengang Mao
Dr. Anastassia Baxevani
Dr. Nicolas Raillard
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • statistical modeling of wind and waves
  • modelling of air emissions from shipping
  • monitoring of air emissions from shipping
  • arctic ocean environment modelling
  • energy efficiency measures

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5209 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the on Board Measured and Simulated Exhaust Gas Emissions on the Ro-Pax Vessels
by Josip Orović, Marko Valčić, Vlatko Knežević and Zoran Pavin
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050794 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Increasingly stringent environmental requirements for marine engines imposed by the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union require that marine engines have the lowest possible emissions of greenhouse and harmful exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In this research, exhaust gas emissions were measured [...] Read more.
Increasingly stringent environmental requirements for marine engines imposed by the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union require that marine engines have the lowest possible emissions of greenhouse and harmful exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In this research, exhaust gas emissions were measured on three Ro-Pax vessels sailing in the Adriatic Sea. Testo 350 Maritime exhaust gas analyser was used for monitoring the dry exhaust gas concentrations of CO2 and O2 in percentage, concentrations of CO and NOx in ppm and exhaust gas temperature in °C after the turbocharger at different engine loads. In order to compare and validate measured values, exhaust gas measurement data were also obtained from a Wartsila-Transas simulator model of a similar Ro-Pax vessel during the joint operation of the engine room and navigational simulators. All analysed main engines on three vessels had complete combustion processes in the cylinders with small differences which should be further investigated. Comparison of on board measured parameters with simulated parameters showed that significant fuel oil reduction per voyage could be accomplished by voyage and/or engine operation optimization procedures. Results of this analysis could be used for creating additional emission database and data-driven models for further analysis and improved estimation of exhaust gasses under various marine engine conditions. Additionally, the results could be useful to all interested parties in reducing the fuel oil consumption and emissions of greenhouse and harmful exhaust gases from vessels into the atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping)
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14 pages, 3772 KiB  
Article
Monitoring Sulfur Content in Marine Fuel Oil Using Ultraviolet Imaging Technology
by Zhenduo Zhang, Wenbo Zheng, Ying Li, Kai Cao, Ming Xie and Peng Wu
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091182 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
The emission of SO2 from ships is an important source of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established strict requirements for the sulfur content of marine fuel oil. In this paper, a new optical noncontact detection technique for ship [...] Read more.
The emission of SO2 from ships is an important source of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established strict requirements for the sulfur content of marine fuel oil. In this paper, a new optical noncontact detection technique for ship exhaust emissions analysis is studied. Firstly, the single-band simulation analysis model of the imaging detection technology for SO2 concentration in ship exhaust gas and the deep neural network model for the prediction of sulfur content were established. A bench test was designed to monitor the tail gas concentration simultaneously using online and imaging detection methods, so as to obtain the concentration data in the flue and the ultraviolet image data. The results showed that 300 nm had a higher inversion accuracy than the other two bands. Finally, a deep neural network model was trained with the SO2 concentration data from the inversion and the engine power, and the predictive model of sulfur content in marine fuel oil was thereby obtained. When the deep learning model was used to predict sulfur content, the prediction accuracy at 300, 310, and 330 nm was 73%, 94%, and 71%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping)
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13 pages, 4241 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Marine Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics of Different Power Ranges in China
by Zhongmin Ma, Yuanyuan Yang, Peiting Sun, Hui Xing, Shulin Duan, Hongfei Qu and Yongjiu Zou
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091108 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3166
Abstract
In order to accurately assess China’s port air pollution caused by the shipping industry, two main methods can be used to calculate the emissions of ships, including the method based on ship fuel consumption and the method based on ship activities. Both methods [...] Read more.
In order to accurately assess China’s port air pollution caused by the shipping industry, two main methods can be used to calculate the emissions of ships, including the method based on ship fuel consumption and the method based on ship activities. Both methods require accurate diesel engine emission factors, or specific emissions. In this paper, the emission characteristics of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from 197 domestic marine diesel engines were tested under bench test conditions by a standard emission measurement system. The diesel engines were divided into six Classes, A~F, according to their power distribution, and the fuel-based emission factors and energy-based emission factors of marine main engine and auxiliary engine meeting IMO NOX Tier II standards were given. The results showed that the main engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class F were 33.25~76.58, 2.70~4.33, 3123.92~3166.47 and 1.10~2.64 kg/t-fuel, respectively; and the energy-based emission factors were 6.57~11.75, 0.56~0.81, 530.28~659.71 and 0.18~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The auxiliary engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class D were 27.17~39.81, 2.66~5.12, 3113.01~3141.34 and 1.16~2.87 kg/t-fuel respectively; and their energy-based emission factors were 6.06~8.33, 0.47~0.77, 656.86~684.91 and 0.21~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The emission factors for different types of diesel engines were closely related to the diesel engine load, and the relation between them could be expressed by quadratic polynomial or power function. The results of this paper provide valuable data for the estimation of waterway transportation exhaust emissions and comprehensive understanding of the emission characteristics of marine diesel engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping)
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14 pages, 2855 KiB  
Article
Study on Diesel Low-Nitrogen or Nitrogen-Free Combustion Performance in Constant Volume Combustion Vessels and Contributory
by Qinming Tan, Yihuai Hu and Zhiwen Tan
Atmosphere 2021, 12(7), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070923 - 17 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1999
Abstract
This paper studies the combustion performance of diesel in constant volume combustion vessels under different conditions of mixed low-nitrogen (O2 and N2) or non-nitrogen (O2 and CO2) in varying proportions. The high-speed camera is used to shoot [...] Read more.
This paper studies the combustion performance of diesel in constant volume combustion vessels under different conditions of mixed low-nitrogen (O2 and N2) or non-nitrogen (O2 and CO2) in varying proportions. The high-speed camera is used to shoot the combustion flame in the constant volume combustion vessel. The process and morphology of the combustion flame are amplified in both time and space to study and analyze the effects of different compositions and concentrations in gases on the combustion performance of diesel and conduct a study on the contributory factors in the performance of diesel with no nitrogen. According to the study, in the condition of low nitrogen, the O2 concentration is more than 60%, the ignition delay period is shortened, the combustion flame is bright and slender, it spreads quickly, and the blue flame appears when the O2 concentration reaches 70%; While for nitrogen-free combustion, only when the O2 concentration reaches 30% is the combustion close to the air condition; when the O2 concentration reaches 40%, the combustion condition is optimized obviously and the combustion flame is relatively slender compared to the air working condition. Similarly, with the increase of the O2 concentration, the ignition delay period of nitrogen-free diesel is shortened, the duration is extended, and the combustion performance is optimized. In addition, when the O2 concentration reaches 50%, with the decrease of the initial temperature, the ignition delay period is prolonged, and the duration is shortened obviously. When the temperature is lower than 700 K, there is no ignition. The increase of the diesel injection pressure is beneficial to optimize the ignition performance of diesel non-nitrogen combustion and shorten its ignition delay period and combustion duration. Related research has important guiding significance to optimize nitrogen-free combustion technology, which produces no NOx of the diesel engine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Environment Modelling and Air Emissions from Shipping)
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