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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions
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Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 October 2021) | Viewed by 9681

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lian Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences (MEAS), North Carolina State University (NCSU), 2800 Faucette Drive, 1125 Jordan Hall Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Interests: atmosphere-ocean interactions; tropical cyclones; regional climate modeling and downscaling; coastal meteorology and oceanography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean play a central role in the development and the variability of a host of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena at various spatial and temporal scales, such as ocean surface waves, storm surges, tropical cyclones, coastal fronts and storms, El Nino and Southern Oscillation. Tremendous advances have been made in recent decades on the understanding of atmosphere-oceanic coupled processes and in the incorporation of such processes in weather and climate prediction models, yet many issues remain unresolved, including observations and analyses of coupled processes at different spatial and temporal scales, mechanisms for scale interactions of the coupled processes, numerical modelling of multi-scale coupled processes, data assimilation in coupled models, advanced data analytics applications in atmosphere-ocean coupled systems.

This special issue is an opportunity for scientists and engineers in atmospheric and oceanic sciences, data analytics and computer sciences, as well as other related physical and mathematical science disciplines to publish articles on the observation, analysis, modelling and theoretical studies of atmosphere-ocean interactions from local to global scales.

Prof. Dr. Lian Xie
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air-sea interaction
  • marine meteorology
  • coupled processes
  • modelling
  • hurricane
  • El Nino

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4125 KiB  
Article
The Strong Precipitation of the Dry Warm Front Cyclone in Syria and Its Prediction by Data Mining Modeling
by Jianhong Wang, Nour Alakol, Xing Wang, Dongpo He, Kanike Raghavendra Kumar and Chunsheng Miao
Atmosphere 2021, 12(12), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121667 - 12 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1933
Abstract
The Eastern inland of Syria has a Mediterranean climate in the north and a tropical desert climate in the south, which results in a dry south and wet north climate feature, especially in winter. The circulation dynamics analysis of 16 winter strong precipitation [...] Read more.
The Eastern inland of Syria has a Mediterranean climate in the north and a tropical desert climate in the south, which results in a dry south and wet north climate feature, especially in winter. The circulation dynamics analysis of 16 winter strong precipitation events shows that the key system is the dry and warm front cyclone. In most cases (81–100% of the 16 cases), the moisture content in the northern part of the cyclone is higher than that in the southern part (influenced by the Mediterranean climate zone). The humidity in the middle layer is higher than that near the surface (uplifting of the dry warm front), and the thickness of the wet layer and the vertical ascending layer obviously expands upward (as shown by the satellite cloud top reflection). These characteristics lead to the moisture thermodynamic instability in the eastern part of the cyclone (dry and warm air at low level and wet and cold air at upper level). The cyclone flow transports momentum to the local humid layer of the Mediterranean climate belt and then causes unstable conditions and strong rainfall. Considering the limitations of the Syrian ground station network, the NCEP/CFSR global reanalysis data and MODIS aqua-3 cloud parameter data are used to build a multi-source factor index of winter precipitation from 2002 to 2016. A decision tree prediction model is then established and the factors index is constructed into tree shapes by the nodes and branches through calculating rules of information entropy. The suitable tree shape models are adjusted and selected by an automated training and testing process. The forecast model can classify rainfall with a forecast accuracy of more than 90% for strong rainfall over 30 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions)
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19 pages, 1811 KiB  
Article
Remote Impacts from El Niño and La Niña on Climate Variables and Major Crops Production in Coastal Bangladesh
by Md. Abdus Sattar, Shamim Mia, Afroza Akter Shanta, A. K. M. Abdul Ahad Biswas and Fulco Ludwig
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111449 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
El Niño and La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are major drivers that affect climatic variables in many countries. Therefore, ENSO mediated variation in climatic factors have significant consequences for crop production. We studied ENSO mediated variations in temperature and rainfall in the five [...] Read more.
El Niño and La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are major drivers that affect climatic variables in many countries. Therefore, ENSO mediated variation in climatic factors have significant consequences for crop production. We studied ENSO mediated variations in temperature and rainfall in the five coastal districts of Bangladesh during 1951–2017, and the impacts on major crops production were analyzed using growing degree day (GDD) index. Statistical analyses were performed on different climatic parameters in relation to ENSO events and locations. Results indicate that ENSO events had significant influence on monthly, seasonal and annual temperature and rainfall amounts (p < 0.05). Specifically, maximum temperature under ENSO phases were higher during Kharif-I and Kharif-II seasons than neutral years. In contrast, the minimum temperature was higher in neutral years than ENSO events during Rabi season. Averaged across stations, annual mean maximum temperature was 0.5 and 0.23 °C higher during El Niño and La Niña compared to neutral years. Rainfall was higher during neutral years compared to El Niño and La Niña. These changes in seasonal temperature variably changed crop GDD in different locations and thus, crop growth duration and crop yield. Therefore, this study provides a general understanding to ENSO mediated impacts on coastal agriculture in Bangladesh. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions)
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20 pages, 42708 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Air-Sea Turbulent Momentum Flux over the Aegean Sea with a Wind-Wave Coupling Model
by Panagiotis Portalakis, Maria Tombrou, John Kalogiros, Aggeliki Dandou and Qing Wang
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091208 - 16 Sep 2021
Viewed by 1864
Abstract
Near surface turbulent momentum flux estimates are performed over the Aegean Sea, using two different approaches regarding the drag coefficient formulation, a wave boundary layer model (referred here as KCM) and the most commonly used Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm. The KCM [...] Read more.
Near surface turbulent momentum flux estimates are performed over the Aegean Sea, using two different approaches regarding the drag coefficient formulation, a wave boundary layer model (referred here as KCM) and the most commonly used Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm. The KCM model incorporates modifications in the energy-containing wave spectrum to account for the wave conditions of the Aegean Sea, and surface similarity to account for the stratification effects. Airborne turbulence data during an Etesian outbreak over Aegean Sea, Greece are processed to evaluate the simulations. KCM estimates found up to 10% higher than COARE ones, indicating that the wave-induced momentum flux may be insufficiently parameterized in COARE. Turbulent fluxes measured at about 150 m, and reduced to their surface values accounting for the vertical flux divergence, are consistently lower than the estimates. Under unstable atmospheric stratification and low to moderate wind conditions, the residuals between estimates and measurements are less than 40%. On the other hand, under stable stratification and strong winds, the majority of the residuals are more than 40%. This discrepancy is associated with the relatively high measurement level, shallow boundary layer, and the presence of a low level jet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions)
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15 pages, 3628 KiB  
Article
The Representation of the Southern Annular Mode Signal in the Brazilian Earth System Model
by Luciana F. Prado, Ilana Wainer and Ronald B. de Souza
Atmosphere 2021, 12(8), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081045 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM, also known as the Antarctic Oscillation—AAO) explains most of the climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. A ring pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) or 500 hPa geopotential height around Antarctica characterizes SAM. Differences of MSLP values [...] Read more.
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM, also known as the Antarctic Oscillation—AAO) explains most of the climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. A ring pattern in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) or 500 hPa geopotential height around Antarctica characterizes SAM. Differences of MSLP values between SH mid and high latitudes define positive and negative SAM phases with impacts on mean atmospheric circulation. Thus, investigating how different models represent SAM is of paramount importance, as it can improve their ability to describe or even predict most of the SH climate variability. Here we examine how the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM) represents SAM’s signal compared with observations, reanalysis, and other climate models contributing to the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5). We also evaluate how SAM relates to the South American surface temperature and precipitation and discuss the models’ limitations and biases compared with reanalysis data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions)
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