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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models
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Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 18642

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Tuccella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: air quality; aerosol–radiation interaction; aerosol–cloud interaction; radiation-absorbing aerosols

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Meteorological and chemical processes are not independent, but they are coupled in the real atmosphere. Meteorology affects the transport of chemical pollutants through the wind and turbulence, while clouds and precipitation influence air quality through wet scavenging processes. At the same time, chemical processes affect meteorology, for example, through aerosols’ direct and indirect effects. In the last decade, many online coupled meteorology–chemistry models have been developed in order to simulate the complex interaction between meteorological and chemical processes. The key uncertainties in simulating the meteorology–chemistry feedback arise from the treatment of direct and indirect effects. Reliable simulation of the direct effect requires an accurate representation of aerosol size distribution, composition, and aerosol optical properties. Modeling of the aerosol indirect effect also depends on aerosol size distribution and composition, but its accuracy is also affected by the parameterizations of aerosol activation and ice nucleation. As shown by the IPCC report, the understanding of these processes by the scientific community is low and significantly affects the range of uncertainties in the evaluation of their effects on the climate and weather systems. Meaningful evaluations of the meteorology–chemistry feedbacks are often limited by the lack of simultaneous observations of aerosol size distribution and composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) concentrations, radiation, aerosol, and cloud optical properties.

Manuscripts presenting developments, improvements, and evaluations of coupled models, and their applications from weather and short-term predictions to climate simulations are welcome for this Special Issue.

Dr. Paolo Tuccella
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Online model
  • Aerosol–radiation interaction
  • Aerosol–cloud interaction
  • Aerosol direct effect
  • Aerosol semidirect effect
  • Aerosol indirect effect
  • Aerosol glaciation indirect effect
  • Model evaluation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 7397 KiB  
Article
Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Components over East Asia Simulated by the WRF-Chem and WRF/CMAQ Models: On the Models’ Prediction Inconsistency
by Min-Woo Choi, Jae-Hyeong Lee, Ju-Wan Woo, Cheol-Hee Kim and Sang-Hyun Lee
Atmosphere 2019, 10(10), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100618 - 12 Oct 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6506
Abstract
High levels of atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in size) are one of the most urgent societal issues over the East Asian countries. Air quality models have been used as an essential tool to predict spatial and [...] Read more.
High levels of atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in size) are one of the most urgent societal issues over the East Asian countries. Air quality models have been used as an essential tool to predict spatial and temporal distribution of the PM2.5 and to support relevant policy making. This study aims to investigate the performance of high-fidelity air quality models in simulating surface PM2.5 chemical composition over the East Asia region in terms of a prediction consistency, which is a prerequisite for accurate air quality forecasts and reliable policy decision. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) and WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting/Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system) models were selected and uniquely configured for a one-month simulation by controlling surface emissions and meteorological processes (model options) to investigate the prediction consistency focusing the analyses on the effects of meteorological and chemical processes. The results showed that the surface PM2.5 chemical components simulated by both the models had significant inconsistencies over East Asia ranging fractional differences of 53% ± 30% despite the differences in emissions and meteorological fields were minimal. The models’ large inconsistencies in the surface PM2.5 concentration were attributed to the significant differences in each model’s chemical responses to the meteorological variables, which were identified from the multiple linear regression analyses. Our findings suggest that the significant models’ prediction inconsistencies should be considered with a great caution in the PM2.5 forecasts and policy support over the East Asian region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models)
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19 pages, 5344 KiB  
Article
Aerosol Indirect Effects on the Predicted Precipitation in a Global Weather Forecasting Model
by Jung-Yoon Kang, Soo Ya Bae, Rae-Seol Park and Ji-Young Han
Atmosphere 2019, 10(7), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070392 - 12 Jul 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3941
Abstract
Aerosol indirect effects on precipitation were investigated in this study using a Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) linked with a chemistry package devised for reducing the heavy computational burden occurring in common atmosphere–chemistry coupling models. The chemistry package was based on the Goddard [...] Read more.
Aerosol indirect effects on precipitation were investigated in this study using a Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) linked with a chemistry package devised for reducing the heavy computational burden occurring in common atmosphere–chemistry coupling models. The chemistry package was based on the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport scheme of Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), and five tracers that are relatively important for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation were treated as prognostic variables. For coupling with the cloud physics processes in the GRIMs, the CCN number concentrations derived from the simplified chemistry package were utilized in the cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) and the microphysics scheme (MPS). The simulated CCN number concentrations were higher than those used in original cloud physics schemes and, overall, the amount of incoming shortwave radiation reaching the ground was indirectly reduced by an increase in clouds owing to a high CCN. The amount of heavier precipitation increased over the tropics owing to the inclusion of enhanced riming effects under deep precipitating convection. The trend regarding the changes in non-convective precipitation was mixed depending on the atmospheric conditions. The increase in small-size cloud water owing to a suppressed autoconversion led to a reduction in precipitation. More precipitation can occur when ice particles fall under high CCN conditions owing to the accretion of cloud water by snow and graupel, along with their melting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models)
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30 pages, 11731 KiB  
Article
Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union
by Paolo Tuccella, Laurent Menut, Régis Briant, Adrien Deroubaix, Dmitry Khvorostyanov, Sylvain Mailler, Guillaume Siour and Solène Turquety
Atmosphere 2019, 10(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10010020 - 8 Jan 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7594
Abstract
The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction [...] Read more.
The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction (EUCAARI) project) in the Benelux Union during May 2008. To better understand this cloud formation variability, the indirect effects of aerosol have been included within the WRF-CHIMERE online model. By comparing model results to the aircraft measurements of IMPACT, to surface measurements from EMEP and AIRBASE and to MODIS satellite measurements, we showed that the model is able to simulate the variability and order of magnitude of the observed number of condensation nuclei (CN), even if some differences are identified for specific aerosol size and location. To quantify the impact of the local anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, a sensitivity study is performed by halving the surface emissions fluxes. It is shown that the indirect radiative effect (IRE) at the surface is positive for both shortwave and longwave with a net warming of +0.99 W/m2. In addition, important instantaneous changes are modelled at local scale with up to ±6 °C for temperatures and ±50 mm/day for precipitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models)
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