Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union
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Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, IPSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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NUMTECH, 6 allée Alan Turing, CS 60242, 63178 Aubiere, France
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Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Telesening of Environment and Model Prediction of Severe Events (CETEMPS), University of L’Aquila, 67010 L’Aquila, Italy
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Climate Change and Climate Impacts, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS & UVSQ, 75252 Paris, France
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CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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LISA/IPSL, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 94010 Créteil, France
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2019, 10(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10010020
Received: 12 November 2018 / Revised: 22 December 2018 / Accepted: 29 December 2018 / Published: 8 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development, Evaluation, and Applications of Online Coupled Meteorology–Chemistry Models)
The indirect effects of aerosol are particularly important over regions where meteorological conditions and aerosol content are favourable to cloud formation. This was observed during the Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign (IMPACT) (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality Interaction (EUCAARI) project) in the Benelux Union during May 2008. To better understand this cloud formation variability, the indirect effects of aerosol have been included within the WRF-CHIMERE online model. By comparing model results to the aircraft measurements of IMPACT, to surface measurements from EMEP and AIRBASE and to MODIS satellite measurements, we showed that the model is able to simulate the variability and order of magnitude of the observed number of condensation nuclei (CN), even if some differences are identified for specific aerosol size and location. To quantify the impact of the local anthropogenic emissions on cloud formation, a sensitivity study is performed by halving the surface emissions fluxes. It is shown that the indirect radiative effect (IRE) at the surface is positive for both shortwave and longwave with a net warming of +0.99 W/m2. In addition, important instantaneous changes are modelled at local scale with up to ±6 °C for temperatures and ±50 mm/day for precipitation.
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Keywords:
aerosol indirect effect; online model; meteorology-chemistry coupled model; model evaluation; WRF-CHIMERE model
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MDPI and ACS Style
Tuccella, P.; Menut, L.; Briant, R.; Deroubaix, A.; Khvorostyanov, D.; Mailler, S.; Siour, G.; Turquety, S. Implementation of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction within WRF-CHIMERE Online Coupled Model: Evaluation and Investigation of the Indirect Radiative Effect from Anthropogenic Emission Reduction on the Benelux Union. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 20.
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