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Atmosphere
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Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere
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Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 5433

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiuxiang Chu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
Interests: transform of laser beam; modulation of light; beam propagation; adaptive optics; turbulence; thermal blooming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Propagation of laser beams in atmosphere have wide applications in many fields, including astronomical observation, laser communication, optical remote sensing, and aerospace defense. Many inescapability factors, such as absorption and scattering of molecules, turbulence of atmosphere, and complex weather conditions will affect the beam propagation, result in the energy loss, beam spread, and distortions in its wavefront. To reduce the effect of atmosphere on beam propagation, optical communication, and detection of object, many methods and technology are emerging with the development of new detection technology and modulation of light in recent years.

To demonstrate the latest research results, the open-access journal Atmosphere is hosting a Special Issue, Control and Transform of Laser beams in Atmosphere.  Original results from the related field to improve the application of laser beam in atmosphere are welcome. The topics include:

(1) Classical optics: the properties of laser in turbulence, such as the coherence, polarization, fluctuation of intensity and wavefront;

(2) Beam control and adaptive optics: the methods of beam control, such as now model and method of adaptive optics, beam clear, compensation of wavefront, compress of the fluctuation of the intensity;

(3) Free space optical communication and optical remote sensing: novel modulation method, high data rates (gigabits/sec), privacy (or low intercept probability), antijamming;

(4) Image processing: image process in complex environment, such as ultra-low light imaging and non-line-of-sight imaging, imaging under rain and fog weather condition;

(5) Machine vision: detection of target for long distance by machine vision, recognition, tracking and pointing of motion object.

Prof. Dr. Xiuxiang Chu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • turbulence
  • modulation of light
  • control of laser beams
  • detection in atmosphere

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 5361 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Changes in Atmospheric Optical Turbulence in a Near Maritime Environment Using Turbulence Flux Measurements
by Alexander Peralta, Charles Nelson and Cody Brownell
Atmosphere 2023, 14(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010073 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1259
Abstract
Light propagation through the atmosphere is affected by fluctuations in the refractive index along the path of propagation, called optical turbulence. In the atmospheric surface layer, these fluctuations are due mostly to turbulent mixing of variations in temperature. To this end, a characterization [...] Read more.
Light propagation through the atmosphere is affected by fluctuations in the refractive index along the path of propagation, called optical turbulence. In the atmospheric surface layer, these fluctuations are due mostly to turbulent mixing of variations in temperature. To this end, a characterization of the atmospheric surface layer above the water in Maryland, USA, is presented. Meteorological data were collected from a sensor array comprising two sonic anemometers and an infrared gas analyzer (IRGASON) over the 12-month period from January to December, 2021. The instruments were positioned vertically at heights of approximately 4 m, 6 m, and 8 m above the water. The temperature structure parameter CT2 was calculated and scaled using Monin–Obukhov assumptions. We find that the distribution of atmospheric stability presents as an approximately normal distribution during the winter and early spring, but is skewed negatively during the summer and late fall. We hypothesize that this could be due to a more stable stratification of the underlying water during summer months. Under unstable (−z/L) conditions, turbulent quantities including the temperature structure parameter scale in a manner consistent with the literature, but with generally better agreement during the summer months. Additionally, the CT2 estimations appear more consistent during the summer months across all values of (z/L). Under stable (+z/L) conditions, there are wide variations in CT2, which is also consistent with the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere)
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10 pages, 3662 KiB  
Article
Beam Quality Factor of Partially Coherent Airy Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence
by Wei Wen, Xianwu Mi and Sirui Chen
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 2061; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122061 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 815
Abstract
A universal formula of the beam quality factor for a partially coherent Airy (PCA) beam in non-Kolmogorov turbulence has been investigated. Results of numerical simulation display that expanding the internal scales of non-Kolmogorov turbulence is good for decreasing the beam quality factor of [...] Read more.
A universal formula of the beam quality factor for a partially coherent Airy (PCA) beam in non-Kolmogorov turbulence has been investigated. Results of numerical simulation display that expanding the internal scales of non-Kolmogorov turbulence is good for decreasing the beam quality factor of a PCA beam. Another benefit of reducing the beam quality factor is decreasing the generalized structure constant and the outer scales of non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Similarly, the quality factor decreases with increasing transverse scale of a PCA beam. In the meantime, decreasing a laser beam’s coherence length also leads to the quality factor’s degeneration. What is more, the beam quality factor reaches the maximum value as the generalized exponent parameter of the turbulence is 3.1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere)
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11 pages, 3844 KiB  
Article
Multi-Channel Blind Restoration of Mixed Noise Images under Atmospheric Turbulence
by Huizhen Yang, Songheng Li, Jinlong Liu, Xue Han and Zhiguang Zhang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(11), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111842 - 05 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1571
Abstract
The imaging quality of astronomical or space objects is significantly degraded by atmospheric turbulence, photon noise, image sensor noise, and other factors. A multi-channel alternating minimization (MCAM) method is proposed to restore degraded images, in which multiple blurred images at different times are [...] Read more.
The imaging quality of astronomical or space objects is significantly degraded by atmospheric turbulence, photon noise, image sensor noise, and other factors. A multi-channel alternating minimization (MCAM) method is proposed to restore degraded images, in which multiple blurred images at different times are selected, and the imaging object and the point spread function are reconstructed alternately. Results show that the restoration index can converge rapidly after two iterations of the MCAM method when six different images are adopted. According to the analysis of the structure similarity index, the stronger the influence of turbulence and mixed noise, the higher the degree of image improvement. The above results can provide a reference for blind restoration of images degraded by atmospheric turbulence and mixed noises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere)
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9 pages, 7618 KiB  
Article
Analytical Study on the Steady-State Thermal Blooming of Incoherent Combining Beam
by Ke Zhang, Quan Sun and Xiuxiang Chu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101678 - 14 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
The incoherent combined beam of lasers has many important applications due to its simple technology and excellent expansibility. Thermal blooming is one factor that will seriously affect the propagation of the combined beam in the atmosphere. Based on the analytical expression of thermal [...] Read more.
The incoherent combined beam of lasers has many important applications due to its simple technology and excellent expansibility. Thermal blooming is one factor that will seriously affect the propagation of the combined beam in the atmosphere. Based on the analytical expression of thermal blooming for a Gaussian beam, the thermal blooming of the incoherent combined beam with a basic arrangement was studied and analyzed. From the evolution of thermal blooming for the incoherent combined beam with a basic arrangement, the thermal blooming for the incoherent combined beam with a complex arrangement can be predicted. As an example, incoherent beams with seven channels were studied. Results show that the thermal lens effect will split the beam located at the central path of heat into two parts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Transform of Laser Beams in Atmosphere)
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