Searching for Solutions to Soil Pollution

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2022) | Viewed by 4869

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410049 Saratov, Russia
Interests: fungal degradation of lignin and xenobiotics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oil, surfactants, dyes, plastics); mycoremediation; ligninolytic enzyme (laccase, lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, versatile peroxidase); immobilization of enzymes and study of catalytic properties of immobilized enzymes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce the opening of a new Special Issue in the Applied Sciences journal.

Environmental pollution is one of the global problems of our time. The group of pollutants that pose serious threats to humans and the environment include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are components of petroleum and coal tars; surfactants, which form the basis for many industrial and domestic detergents; different types of synthetic dyes, which are used on a large scale in consumer products; oil and oil products, which are the most large-scale and ubiquitous pollutants of soil environments; of course, different types of plastics; and many, many others. The Special Issue, entitled “Searching for Solutions to Soil Pollution,” will present new knowledge that would make it possible to solve urgent problems closely related to the contamination of the environment by persistent pollutants and to answer to the necessity of studying the detoxification abilities of a wide range of organisms for the development of effective ecological biotechnologies.

Bioremediation is the technology of the remediation of nature by using living organisms; it is important and, in some cases, the main instrument for the decontamination of contaminated sites. This technology has been used for a few decades, but it has an essential defect. It is unpredictable because of the influence of many factors of environments on biochemical processes. The main agents of the decontamination of nature from pollutants are microorganisms and fungi, which have strong metabolic potential and can mineralize almost all organic compounds. However, the biotechnologies in use do not give the necessary results because biochemical processes in environmentally contaminated conditions are insufficiently studied, and global warming is bringing significant changes in the natural cycles of the conversion of biogenic elements.

With this perspective, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the field, presenting the most relevant advances in the basic and applied aspects of bioremediation technology.

The topics proposed for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • risks associated with soil contamination by different types of pollutants
  • toxicology and monitoring of pollutants in contaminated soils
  • the fundamental basis for the development of technologies for bioremediation, phytoremediation, mycoremediation, etc.
  • the practical uses of environmental biotechnologies

We hope you will contribute your high-quality research and we look forward to reading your valuable results.

Dr. Natalia Pozdnyakova
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • soil pollution
  • toxicology and monitoring of pollutants
  • bioremediation
  • phytoremediation
  • mycoremediation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 6562 KiB  
Article
Widespread Ability of Ligninolytic Fungi to Degrade Hazardous Organic Pollutants as the Basis for the Self-Purification Ability of Natural Ecosystems and for Mycoremediation Technologies
by Natalia Pozdnyakova, Ekaterina Dubrovskaya, Dietmar Schlosser, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Elena Sigida, Vyacheslav Grinev, Sergei Golubev, Elena Kryuchkova, Giovanna Cristina Varese and Olga Turkovskaya
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042164 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
The ability of sixteen wood- and soil-inhabiting basidiomycete strains and four ascomycete strains to degrade the most hazardous, widespread, and persistent pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxyethylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol, anthraquinone-type synthetic dyes, and oil) was found. The disappearance of the pollutants, their main metabolites, [...] Read more.
The ability of sixteen wood- and soil-inhabiting basidiomycete strains and four ascomycete strains to degrade the most hazardous, widespread, and persistent pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxyethylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol, anthraquinone-type synthetic dyes, and oil) was found. The disappearance of the pollutants, their main metabolites, and some adaptive properties (activities of ligninolytic enzymes, the production of emulsifying compounds and exopolysaccharides) were evaluated. The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased during degradation. New data were obtained regarding (1) the dependence of the completeness of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation on the composition of the ligninolytic enzyme complex; (2) the degradation of neonol AF9-12 by higher fungi (different accessibilities of the oxyethyl chain and the aromatic ring of the molecules to different fungal genera); and (3) the production of an emulsifying agent in response to the presence in the cultivation medium of hydrophobic pollutants as the common property of wood- and soil-inhabiting basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. Promise for use in mycoremediation was shown in the wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus f. Florida, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor MUT 3403, and Trametes versicolor DSM11372; the litter-decomposing basidiomycete Stropharia rugosoannulata; and the ascomycete Cladosporium herbarum. These fungi degrade a wide range of pollutants without accumulation of toxic metabolites and produce ligninolytic enzymes and emulsifying compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Searching for Solutions to Soil Pollution)
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18 pages, 3855 KiB  
Article
Stress Response of Miscanthus Plants and Soil Microbial Communities: A Case Study in Metals and Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soils
by Diana Nebeská, Hana Auer Malinská, Anna Erol, Valentina Pidlisnyuk, Pavel Kuráň, Andrea Medžová, Martin Smaha and Josef Trögl
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1866; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041866 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
Second-generation biofuel crop miscanthus is one of the most promising plants tested for phytomanagement of contaminated sites. In this preliminary pot case study, the most used hybrid Miscanthus x giganteus was cultivated in three different real contaminated soils: agricultural soil contaminated with Cd; [...] Read more.
Second-generation biofuel crop miscanthus is one of the most promising plants tested for phytomanagement of contaminated sites. In this preliminary pot case study, the most used hybrid Miscanthus x giganteus was cultivated in three different real contaminated soils: agricultural soil contaminated with Cd; post-military soil slightly contaminated with Zn, Pb and Cd; and soil contaminated by petroleum industry with metals and hydrocarbons. The stress response of plants and soil microbial communities was monitored to receive data that are important for successful phytomanagement application. With metals only, the plant grew well, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement proved their good vitality. Changes in leaf anatomy (leaf thickness and sclerenchyma cells area) were additionally determined in post-military soil compared to agricultural. On the contrary, in petroleum-contaminated soil, the biomass yield was too reduced and also physiological parameters were significantly decreased. The response of microbial communities also differed. In agricultural soil, no microbial stress was determined. In post-military soil, it became reduced during the experiment, and in petroleum contamination, it increased year-on-year. It could be concluded that miscanthus is suitable for cultivation in metals contaminated soils with potential for microbial communities support, but in soil contaminated by the petroleum industry, its application did not seem meaningful. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Searching for Solutions to Soil Pollution)
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