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Advances in Bioanalysis: Extraction and Sample Preparation

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 6969

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ana Mornar

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Pharmacy of Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: drug development; sample preparation; pharmaceutical analysis; biopharmaceutical analysis; food analysis; chromatography; mass spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Miranda Sertić

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: analytical chemistry; capillary electrophoresis; LC-MS; CE-MS; bioanalytical method validation; sample preparation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to advances in bioanalysis, showcasing novel extraction and sample preparation techniques and applications. Bioanalytical methods are, among other things, an integral part of drug discovery and development, clinical applications for disease diagnosis and monitoring, therapeutic optimization, and personalized medicine.

A fundamental and crucial part of bioanalytical methods is sample preparation, a time-consuming pre-analytical part, susceptible to errors, aiming to provide extraction of the analyte of interest but also to remove interfering compounds, reduce interferences and matrix effects, and to concentrate the analytes of interest and thus improve selectivity and sensitivity of the analytical method.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to present their original research articles or reviews of recent literature related to state-of-the-art extraction and sample preparation procedures in bioanalysis. We are particularly interested in sample-enrichment procedures for separation analytical techniques, i.e., chromatography, electrophoresis and hyphenated techniques. Innovations in simplification, miniaturization, automation, green analytical chemistry principles are also welcomed.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

New sample preparation approaches;
Improvements of established liquid-phase microextraction techniques;
Sample-enrichment procedures;
Sorption-based material or nanomaterial for sample preparation;
Online-sample preparation concepts;
Miniaturized versions of LLE and SPE;
Use of eco-friendly solvents (including supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, etc. );
Use of novel, renewable sorbents (including nanomaterials, membranes, magnetic particles).

We warmly welcome our colleagues to submit their original research or review contributions to this Special Issue bearing in mind the importance of bioanalysis and the interest this topic will evoke in readers.

Prof. Dr. Ana Mornar
Dr. Miranda Sertić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

sample prepraration
biological samples
bioanalytical methods
microextraction
sample concentration techniques
sorption-based methods
nanomaterial
online-sample preparation
separation techniques
green solvents
ionic liquids
deep eutectic solvents
low-transition-temperature mixtures
SPE sorbents

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 14352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization and Development of Gelatin from Cow Bones: Investigation of the Effect of Solvents Used for Soaking Beef Bones

by Siti Fatimah, Sarto Sarto, Moh Fahrurrozi and Budhijanto Budhijanto

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1550; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031550 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3156

Abstract

Beef bones contain a gelatin component that can be further extracted. This extraction process requires the right solvent to produce good yield and quality. Gelatin has multifunctional properties, namely biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. This is because it is a natural ingredient that contains high amino acids. The most dominant amino acid content as a parameter for determining the quality of gelatin is proline, glycine, and hydroxyproline. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the solvent used as a medium for soaking cow bones to be converted into gelatin. The solvent variations used include NaOH, HCl, H₂SO₄, CH₃COOH, and NaHCO₂. The concentration variations are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (%). This research method includes the preparation of cow bone samples, fat removal, mineral removal, soaking for 7 days, and extraction. The extraction process was carried out with variations times of 4 h and 6 h. The results of the study showed that the highest yield value was with 5% HCl solvent with 4 h extraction time of 26.5% with 8.67% water content, 0.9% ash content, pH 4.64, and viscosity 3.19 cP (p < 0.05). A good isoelectric point is produced when using an acidic solvent, which is between 5.3–5.8. The cross-linking of gelatin with chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and glucose was successfully carried out with the FTIR absorption indicator at a wavelength of 3200 cm⁻¹, which indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds, 1022 cm⁻¹, which indicates the breakdown of aldehyde bonds in glutaraldehyde compounds into C-O bonds. According to the microbial test, when gelatin is combined with chitosan, there will be an increase in the microbial inhibition zone. This shows that the development of gelatin materials is very prospective and promising. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioanalysis: Extraction and Sample Preparation)

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14 pages, 2585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Salt-Induced Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Piroxicam and Meloxicam from Human Urine Prior to Their Determination by HPLC-DAD

by Natalia Manousi, Sotiria V. Tsiona and Constantinos K. Zacharis

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6658; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136658 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1313

Abstract

A salt-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (SI-HLLME) protocol combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection is presented for the first time for the determination of piroxicam and meloxicam in human urine. The main parameters affecting the performance of the sample preparation protocol were optimized by means of a two-step experimental design (i.e., 2-level fractional factorial design and Box–Behnken design). Following its optimization, the proposed method was thoroughly validated in terms of the total error concept in order to take into consideration the random and systematic errors. For the target analytes, accuracy profiles were constructed, and they were used as graphical decision-making tools. In all cases, the β-expectation tolerance intervals complied with the acceptance criteria of ±15%, proving that 95% of future results will fall within the defined bias limits. The limits of detection were 0.02 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.03 μg mL⁻¹ for piroxicam and meloxicam, respectively. The relative standard deviations were lower than 4.4% in all cases, and the mean relative biases ranged between −5.7 and 3.4% for both drugs. The proposed scheme is simple and rapid, while it is characterized by high sample throughput. Moreover, SI-HLLME requires reduced sample and reagent consumption, according to the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioanalysis: Extraction and Sample Preparation)

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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Trends in Pharmacotoxicological and Forensic Sample Treatment Procedures

by Valentina Greco, Alessandro Giuffrida, Marcello Locatelli, Fabio Savini, Ugo de Grazia, Luigi Ciriolo, Miryam Perrucci, Abuzar Kabir, Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy, Cristian D’Ovidio and Imran Ali

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052836 - 22 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1710

Abstract

One of the most discussed topics concerns the sample preparation before the analysis and, therefore, all the operations necessary to eliminate the interferents, clean up the specimens, and extract the analytes of interest, reducing the matrix effect. This review highlights the fundamental steps in the treatment of postmortem samples used in forensic analysis. Through critical literature research, it was possible to choose among the countless works that could provide a general overview of the state-of-the-art in this field. Different biological matrices have been considered; blood and urine (the traditional biological fluids) are used to investigate the presence of substances that may have caused death, whilst other body fluids, such as bile and oral fluids, are still under discussion for their usability (and suitability). In the second part of the review, all the solid matrices obtained after autopsy were further divided into conventional and unconventional matrices to facilitate proper understanding. The choice of literature was also made according to the most widely used pretreatment techniques and the most representative innovative techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioanalysis: Extraction and Sample Preparation)

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