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The State of the Art in Energy Harvesting for IoT and WSNs (Second Edition)

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 855

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 81031 Aversa, CE, Italy
Interests: analysis and design of analog circuits; RF communication circuits; nonlinear circuit theory; circuit simulation; wireless sensor networks and electronic circuits for energy harvesting
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the most challenging issues in the design of Internet of Things (IoT)-based devices and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is powering sensor nodes. Since there are usually many nodes distributed within a large area, the wiring is complex, expensive and completely impractical. Energy can be obtained from disposable batteries, but these have a high environmental impact, limited reliability and high maintenance costs. An alternative eco-friendly solution is energy harvesting supply systems, which can locally convert otherwise wasted forms of energy available in the surrounding environment into electricity. Energy harvesting systems generally comprise an energy harvesting device that scavenges energy from ambient sources and a power management electronic circuit that maximizes power extraction and optimizes power distribution. Many types of harvesting devices have been developed to scavenge energy from different sources, including the sun, wind, vibrations, rainfall, electromagnetic fields, and so on. Hybrid energy harvesting devices have also been created with the aim of scavenging energy from multiple energy sources by exploiting various energy conversion mechanisms. In addition to an energy harvesting device dedicated to energy conversion, an energy harvesting supply system also requires the integration of a power management electronic circuit into the device to provide voltage rectification, extract energy maximization and optimize power distribution in the sensor node.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Piezoelectric energy harvesting;
  • Electromagnetic energy harvesting;
  • Micro-wind energy harvesting;
  • Micro-solar energy harvesting;
  • Wearable energy harvesting;
  • Hybrid energy harvesting;
  • Circuits for energy harvesting;
  • Synchronized Switching Harvesting on an Inductor (SSHI);
  • Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SECE);
  • Maximum power point tracking techniques;
  • Low-power electronics.

Dr. Alessandro Lo Schiavo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • piezoelectric energy harvesting
  • electromagnetic energy harvesting
  • micro-wind energy harvesting
  • micro-solar energy harvesting
  • wearable energy harvesting
  • hybrid energy harvesting

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 7936 KB  
Article
Energy Harvesting from Clustered Piezoelectric Beams for Aircraft Health Monitoring Systems
by Sadia Bakhtiar, Sayed N. Masabi, Tianhui Li, Jan Papuga, Andrew West, Jingjing Jiang and Stephanos Theodossiades
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(7), 3115; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073115 - 24 Mar 2026
Viewed by 454
Abstract
Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising solution for powering aircraft structural health monitoring (SHM) systems by exploiting ambient vibration energy. This work presents a novel clustered piezoelectric energy harvester (CPEH) designed to enable autonomous sensing and wireless data transmission in aircraft structures. [...] Read more.
Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising solution for powering aircraft structural health monitoring (SHM) systems by exploiting ambient vibration energy. This work presents a novel clustered piezoelectric energy harvester (CPEH) designed to enable autonomous sensing and wireless data transmission in aircraft structures. Aircraft sections experience complex, multiple vibration modes during flight; however, the proposed harvester is specifically designed to exploit the oscillatory motion of the vertical tail unit (VTU) of a VUT-100 Cobra aircraft during the cruise phase. The energy harvester employs a clustered piezoelectric cantilever configuration incorporating magnetic stiffness nonlinearity, which enhances vibration-induced strain and enables effective frequency tuning. The nonlinear magnetic interaction broadens the operational bandwidth and improves energy conversion performance under low excitation amplitudes. The system is tuned to operate over a broadband frequency range of 110–130 Hz, with optimal performance achieved at acceleration amplitudes of less than 0.5 g, corresponding to the measured VTU vibration levels during the cruise phase of the flight. An experimental prototype was tested in the laboratory under aircraft cruise-phase vibration conditions, successfully achieving maximum power of 0.041 mW at optimum resistance of 390 KΩ and 5.45 mJ of stored energy in a 1000 µF capacitor within 10 min, confirming the feasibility of the proposed harvester for aircraft SHM applications. Full article
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