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Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention
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Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 4278

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jorge Sánchez-Infante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
2. Physiotherapy Research Group of Toledo (GIFTO), Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
Interests: dry needling; meta-analysis; sports; rehabilitation; exercise; physical activity; sport sciences; health; trigger points; pain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The objective of this Special Issue for the journal Applied Sciences is to explore and disseminate innovative research and advanced practices in the field of sports biomechanics and injury prevention. It seeks to provide a Special Issue for researchers, health professionals, coaches, and athletes to share knowledge and strategies that improve sports performance and reduce the risk of injury. This Special Issue focuses on the application of biomechanical principles to develop effective training, assessment, and rehabilitation methods aimed at academic performance and injury prevention in motion analysis, preventive interventions, technology and tools, rehabilitation, risk factors, biomechanics, and educational approaches to injury prevention.

Dr. Jorge Sánchez-Infante
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sports biomechanics
  • injury prevention
  • motion analysis
  • preventive interventions
  • sports technology
  • sports rehabilitation
  • risk factors
  • biomechanical assessment
  • sports performance
  • sports education and training
  • physiotherapy
  • rehabilitation
  • sports medicine
  • muscle injury
  • prevention and treatment of injuries

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
The Influence of a Competitive Football Match on the Knee Flexion and Extension Rate of Force Development and Isometric Muscle Strength in Female Football Players
by Aaron Miralles-Iborra, Jose L. L. Elvira, Juan Del Coso, Sergio Hernández-Sánchez, Carlos Lozano-Quijada and Víctor Moreno-Pérez
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 3326; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063326 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 232
Abstract
Background: The scientific literature about the effect of a football match on leg force production is scarce, particularly for competitive matches in female football players. This investigation aimed to assess the acute effect of a competitive football match on the quadriceps and hamstrings’ [...] Read more.
Background: The scientific literature about the effect of a football match on leg force production is scarce, particularly for competitive matches in female football players. This investigation aimed to assess the acute effect of a competitive football match on the quadriceps and hamstrings’ rate of force development (RFD) and isometric peak force (IPF) during knee flexion and extension actions. Methods: The study design of the present research was descriptive and longitudinal. Twenty-two female football players (20 ± 2 years) underwent unilateral maximal isometric knee extension (quadriceps) and flexion (hamstrings) force measurements at three time points: baseline (before the match), immediately after the match and 48 h post-match. The measurements were performed for both dominant and non-dominant legs in a nearly extended position (30° of knee flexion and 90° of hip flexion) using a load cell. The maximum RFD was calculated at different time phases (RFD150 [at first 150 ms of action] and RFD250 [at first 250 ms of action]). The hamstring–quadriceps (H:Q) ratio was calculated for all strength variables in each leg. Results: The IPF decreased after the match for the quadriceps (dominant: −11.6% and non-dominant: −14.8%, p < 0.05) and hamstring muscle contractions (dominant: −8.0% and non-dominant: −11.4%, p < 0.05). IPF values returned to baseline 48 h after the match. Similarly, RFD150 and RFD250 were reduced after the match (ranging from −30.3% to −13.5%; all p < 0.05) for quadriceps in both legs and for the hamstring only in the non-dominant leg. The RFD150 H:Q ratio changed from baseline values ≤1.03 to ≥1.16 at 48 h post-match. Conclusions: A competitive football match in female football players induced neuromuscular fatigue of comparable magnitude in both quadriceps and hamstring muscles as evidenced by lower IPF and RFD values in isometric actions. Most strength variables returned to baseline 48 h after the match. However, some H:Q ratios were still disturbed after this recovery time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention)
11 pages, 1151 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Motion Data Low-Pass Filtering Methods in Machine-Learning Models
by Shuaijie Wang, Jessica Pitts, Rudri Purohit and Himani Shah
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042177 - 18 Feb 2025
Viewed by 557
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of filter parameters on gait characteristics and the performance of machine-learning models. Overground walking trials (n = 99) with and without perturbations (slips, trips) were collected for 33 healthy older adults. Kinematics were collected by a motion [...] Read more.
This study assessed the effect of filter parameters on gait characteristics and the performance of machine-learning models. Overground walking trials (n = 99) with and without perturbations (slips, trips) were collected for 33 healthy older adults. Kinematics were collected by a motion capture system. Different Butterworth low-pass parameters were applied to the raw data, including three orders (2–6) and nine cutoffs (4–20 Hz). Spatiotemporal gait outcomes were then calculated to develop classification models to automatically identify the trial type (gait, gait–slip, or gait–trip) using Logistic Regression, Support Vector Classification, and Random Forest Classification. A 3 × 9 ANOVA showed main effects of order and cutoff (p < 0.01 for all) on gait characteristics during both perturbed and regular walking trials. However, the gait characteristics were different between them. The filter parameters significantly affected the performance of classification models using different classifiers, with significant main effects of the filter order (p < 0.05) and cutoff (p < 0.01) on AUC and overall accuracy for all of the models. Our results suggest that the standard Butterworth filter (fourth-order, cutoff: 6 Hz) is suitable for the development of classification models with low–medium complexity, while for models with high complexity (i.e., ensemble models), a filter with a higher order and cutoff (sixth-order, cutoff 10–12 Hz) might yield better performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention)
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13 pages, 1508 KiB  
Article
Impact of Combined Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training on 6-Minute Walk Test Dynamics in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Results from the ExIC-FEp Trial
by Iván Cavero-Redondo, Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo, Iris Otero-Luis, Nerea Moreno-Herraiz, Marta Fenoll-Morante, Irene Martínez-García, María José Guzmán-Pavón and Alicia Saz-Lara
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9642; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219642 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1289
Abstract
(1) Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical challenge, with limited success from current therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the impact of combined exercise (CE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on key biomechanical parameters during the 6-minute [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical challenge, with limited success from current therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the impact of combined exercise (CE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on key biomechanical parameters during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in HFpEF patients. (2) Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 76 sedentary HFpEF patients, divided into three groups as follows: the CE, HIIT, and control groups. CE involves aerobic and strength training, whereas HIIT includes high-intensity intervals. Cadence (steps per minute), distance, maximum heart rate (HRmax), and exercise intensity were measured pre- and postintervention. (3) Results: The results revealed significant improvements in cadence in the CE group compared with the control group (p = 0.009) for intention-to-treat analysis, and in the control and HIIT groups (p = 0.002) for per-protocol analysis. CE also significantly improved HRmax and exercise intensity, suggesting an enhanced cardiovascular response. In contrast, HIIT did not significantly affect these parameters. The correlation between cadence and distance covered during the 6MWT was strong in the overall group (r = 0.762, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that CE is an effective intervention to improve gait efficiency, cardiovascular response, and functional capacity in HFpEF patients, whereas HIIT may require further investigation in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention)
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15 pages, 304 KiB  
Article
Physiological Response and Sports Injury Risk Relevant Biomechanics in Endurance Obstacle Course Races
by Jorge Rey-Mota, David Martín-Caro Álvarez, Ana Onate-Figuérez, Rodrigo Yañez-Sepúlveda and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9604; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209604 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1667
Abstract
Obstacle course races (OCR) have experienced significant growth in recent years, with millions of participants worldwide. However, there is limited research on the specific physiological demands and injury prevention strategies required for these events. This study aimed to analyze the physiological responses and [...] Read more.
Obstacle course races (OCR) have experienced significant growth in recent years, with millions of participants worldwide. However, there is limited research on the specific physiological demands and injury prevention strategies required for these events. This study aimed to analyze the physiological responses and injury risks in participants of a 5 km (Sprint) and 13 km (Super) OCR. Sixty-eight participants were assessed for cortical arousal, leg strength, isometric handgrip strength, blood lactate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, urine composition, spirometry values, hamstring flexibility, lower limb stability, foot biomechanics, and scapular kinematics, one hour before and immediately after the races. The results showed a significant decrease in leg strength (Sprint: r = −0.56, p < 0.01; Super: r = −0.54, p = 0.01) and urine pH (Sprint: r = −0.70, p = 0.03; Super: r = −0.67, p = 0.01) in both distances, with increases in urine colour, protein, and glucose (Sprint: p < 0.04). In the 13 km race, lower limb stability decreased significantly post-race (r = −0.53, p = 0.01). Positive correlations were found between performance and pre-race handgrip strength (Sprint: r = 0.71, p = 0.001; Super: r = 0.72, p = 0.01) and spirometry values (FVC, FEF 25–75%, FEV1) (Sprint: r = 0.52, p = 0.031; Super: r = 0.48, p = 0.035). Thermoregulation capacity, reflected in a higher pre-race body temperature and lower post-race body temperature, also correlated with improved performance (r = 0.49, p = 0.046). Injury risk increased post-race, with a significant decline in lower limb stability (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of targeted training programs, focusing on grip strength, leg strength, respiratory muscle training, and hydration strategies to optimize performance and reduce injury risk in OCR athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Biomechanics and Injury Prevention)
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