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Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 25605

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Flaviu-Alexandru Tabaran

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Guest Editor

Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: nanomedicine; nanotoxicology; comparative pathology; toxicologic pathology; veterinary pathology and oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues:

Bionanotechnology and nanoparticle science are emerging fields connecting, in a mutual effort to solve major healthcare challenges, basic-science disciplines such as chemistry and physics with biological and clinical–medical sciences. During the last decade, this interdisciplinary approach has provided innovative diagnostic solutions and new practical therapeutic approaches for several critical problems of current medicine, including multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, emerging viral diseases, and cancer. The basic characteristics of nanoparticles and their medical functions can be modulated and tailored using advanced synthesis techniques, promising to expand the group of biomedical effective and clinically applied nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Advanced nanoparticles and nanocomposites have unique, and often theragnostic–multimodal properties, with potential broad biomedical applications such as, but not limited to, diagnostic and therapy of cancer and infectious agents (e.g., antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic applications), vaccine production, and regenerative medicine.

All these potential applications of nanoparticles will be covered in this Special Issue, which welcomes the submission of both reviews and original research articles in this area.

Assoc. Prof. Flaviu Alexandru Tabaran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nanoparticles
diagnostics
synthesis
antitumoral
antibacterial
antiviral
regenerative medicine

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial Activity of TiO₂ Nanoparticles Prepared by One-Step Laser Ablation in Liquid

by Khawla S. Khashan, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Farah A. Abdulameer, Salim Albukhaty, Mohammed A. Ibrahem, Tahani Al-Muhimeed and Abeer A. AlObaid

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4623; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104623 - 19 May 2021

Cited by 88 | Viewed by 5203

Abstract

Laser ablation in liquid was utilized to prepare a TiO₂ NP suspension in in deionized distilled water using Q-switch Nd: YAG laser at various laser energies and ablation times. The samples were characterized using UV–visible absorption spectra obtained with a UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis,) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). While, UV-Vis spectra showed the characteristic band-to-band absorption peak of TiO₂ NPs in the UV range. FTIR analysis showed the existence of O-Ti-O bond. XRD patterns indicated the presence of (101) and (112) plane crystalline phases of TiO₂. TEM images showed a spherical-like structure of TiO₂ NPs with various size distributions depending on the ablation period. It was also found that there is a relationship between laser ablation time and TiO₂ NP size distribution, where longer ablation times led to the smaller size distribution. The antibacterial activity of TiO₂ NPs was evaluated with different species of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus, using the liquid approach. The optimum activity of TiO₂ NPs is found to be against E. coli at 1000 μg mL⁻¹. Furthermore, adding, TiO₂ NPs (1000 μg mL⁻¹) in the presence of amoxicillin has a synergic effect on E. coli and S. aureus growth, as measured by the well diffusion method. However, both E. coli (11.6 ± 0.57mm) and S. aureus (13.3 ± 0.57mm) were inhibited by this process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles)

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12 pages, 2550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sialic Acid as a Biomarker Studied in Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro Using Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

by Zahra El-Schich, Yuecheng Zhang, Tommy Göransson, Nishtman Dizeyi, Jenny L. Persson, Emil Johansson, Remi Caraballo, Mikael Elofsson, Sudhirkumar Shinde, Börje Sellergren and Anette Gjörloff Wingren

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073256 - 05 Apr 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3107

Abstract

Sialylations are post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids that play important roles in many cellular events, including cell-cell interactions, proliferation, and migration. Tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid (SA), which are often associated with the increased invasive potential in clinical tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. To overcome the lack of natural SA-receptors, such as antibodies and lectins with high enough specificity and sensitivity, we have used molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), or “plastic antibodies”, as nanoprobes. Because high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in primary tumors is often associated with proliferation and a more aggressive phenotype, the expression of EpCAM and CD44 was initially analyzed. The SA-MIPs were used for the detection of SA on the cell surface of breast cancer cells. Lectins that specifically bind to the a-2,3 SA and a-2,6 SA variants were used for analysis of SA expression, with both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Here we show a correlation of EpCAM and SA expression when using the SA-MIPs for detection of SA. We also demonstrate the binding pattern of the SA-MIPs on the breast cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy. Pre-incubation of the SA-MIPs with SA-derivatives as inhibitors could reduce the binding of the SA-MIPs to the tumor cells, indicating the specificity of the SA-MIPs. In conclusion, the SA-MIPs may be a new powerful tool in the diagnostic analysis of breast cancer cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles)

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14 pages, 3198 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rapid Sonochemically-Assisted Synthesis of Highly Stable Gold Nanoparticles as Computed Tomography Contrast Agents

by Mohammed Ali Dheyab, Azlan Abdul Aziz, Mahmood S. Jameel, Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi and Ammar A. Oglat

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7020; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207020 - 09 Oct 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2973

Abstract

One of the most widely used modalities of clinical imaging is computed tomography (CT). Recent reports of new contrast agents toward CT imaging have been numerous. The production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as contrast agents for CT is primarily a topic of intense interest. AuNPs have beneficial features for this application, including excellent X-ray attenuation, flexible sizes and shapes, tailorable surface chemistry, excellent biocompatibility and high levels of contrast generating matter. AuNPs with a size of about 18.5 nm and semi-spherical shape were synthesized using a sonochemical method. The attenuation rate of X-rays as measured in Hounsfield units per unit concentration (HU/mg) was measured. Ultrasound treatment for a duration of five min has been shown to produce highly stable AuNPs in different media (AuNPs in water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was −42.1 mV and −39.5 mV, respectively). The CT value (HU = 395) of the AuNPs increased linearly with an increase in the AuNP dosage. The results confirm the use of ultrasonic treatment for the production of metal nanostructures, particularly highly stable non-toxic AuNPs, with good morphology and high-quality crystal structure using an easy and fast method. Synthesized AuNPs have the potential to be used as a CT contrast agent in medical imaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles)

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Review

Jump to: Research

18 pages, 1754 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Class of Antibacterial Solutions

by Corina Michaela Crisan, Teodora Mocan, Meda Manolea, Lavinia Iulia Lasca, Flaviu-Alexandru Tăbăran and Lucian Mocan

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031120 - 26 Jan 2021

Cited by 105 | Viewed by 9820

Abstract

Nanomaterials represent a promising novel class of materials to be used as antibacterial solutions. Inhomogeneity of synthesis and characterization methods, as well as resulting variate physical and chemical properties make selection of proper nanostructure difficult when designing antimicrobial experiments. Present study focuses on the already existing evidence regarding silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications, with focus on various modulatory factors of reported antimicrobial efficiency. Present paper focuses on synthesis and characterization methods, factors modulating antibacterial efficiency, laboratory quantification procedures, as well as up–to-date knowledge on mechanisms of antibacterial action for silver nanoparticles. Moreover, challenges and future prospects for antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles)

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18 pages, 1854 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Mediated Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

by Andreea Nedelcu, Ofelia Mosteanu, Teodora Pop, Teodora Mocan and Lucian Mocan

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010438 - 05 Jan 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3584

Abstract

There have been continuous advances in nanoscience since the beginning of the 21st century, and the emerging field of computational nanomedicine, the development of nanomaterial-based sensors or the prominent biomedical engineering applications should be mentioned. Intestinal disorders causing prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract, largely known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), have seen a significant increase in incidence rates. Nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy could help regulate immune responses and act as an anti-inflammatory in individual patients diagnosed with IBD. The results of the paper emphasize the major role that nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery has in IBD treatment, giving IBD patients in remission the chance for a more effective drug therapy with a decreased medication load. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Nanoparticles)

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