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New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation
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New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 4510

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yasmine Gabi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing, Campus E3 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
2. Chair of Cognitive Sensor Systems, Saarland University, Campus E3 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
Interests: non-destructive testing; multi-physics modeling and characterization; physics-based simulations (FEM, FVM, sem analytical, etc.); inverse problem; data fusion; optimization algorithms (GA, ABC, NN)
Dr. Bernd Wolter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing, Campus E3 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
Interests: non-destructive testing; process monitoring; maintenance process; traceability; data fusion technologies and industry 4.0
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Achieving progress in manufacturing technology requires the use of non-destructive testing (NDT) to assess quality control and maintenance inspection processes. NDT methods enable the evaluation of metal structure integrity from surface to bulk depending on the methodology, without destroying the target object, thereby reducing costs and saving time.

Emerging approaches are enhancing process monitoring through multi-physics sensors, multi-scale testing, and data fusion technologies. Additionally, physics-based simulations and robust models are improving probe design and offering a better understanding of the relationship between material processing, microstructure, and properties.

We invite you to contribute to this Special Issue titled "New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation", which will provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. It will cover both conventional and innovative methods, including eddy current, electromagnetic, optic, and ultrasound/acoustic testing methods, among others.

The primary goals are to improve material characterization by correlating NDT signals with intrinsic properties and to enhance defect analysis, including determining a defect's shape, size, and location.

 We are happy to consider your contribution to this Special Issue based on your expertise on one or more topics mentioned above. Your manuscript will be reviewed by experts in the field of non-destructive testing.

Dr. Yasmine Gabi
Dr. Bernd Wolter
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-destructive inspection and evaluation of materials 
  • eddy current
  • electromagnetic
  • magneto-optic
  • ultrasound and acoustics
  • microwave
  • terahertz
  • X-ray
  • visual inspection or 2D/3D imaging
  • AI-based evaluation
  • thermography
  • numerical modeling and simulation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5002 KB  
Article
Comparison of Automatic Recognition Models for Building Hollow Based on Infrared Thermography
by Haohan Yao, Chengyu Liu, Dong Hu, Changyu Wu and Quansheng Lyu
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(6), 3075; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16063075 - 23 Mar 2026
Viewed by 406
Abstract
To achieve efficient recognition of hollows in building external walls, this study adopts infrared thermography to construct a dedicated dataset and focuses on comparing the performance of three instance segmentation models: Mask R-CNN, YOLACT, and YOLOv8. Experimental results indicate that YOLACT is suitable [...] Read more.
To achieve efficient recognition of hollows in building external walls, this study adopts infrared thermography to construct a dedicated dataset and focuses on comparing the performance of three instance segmentation models: Mask R-CNN, YOLACT, and YOLOv8. Experimental results indicate that YOLACT is suitable for on-site rapid screening balancing accuracy and speed, YOLOv8 is more applicable to detection tasks requiring strict control over missed detections and accurate restoration of complex boundaries, while Mask R-CNN is better suited for non-real-time static image analysis. To further improve model performance, this paper introduces the position-sensitive attention (PSA) mechanism to YOLOv8 and trains the modified model. The improved model has achieved significant enhancements in various performance metrics. This study provides a reference scheme for the automatic detection of hollow defects and offers a basis for model selection under different application scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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21 pages, 8937 KB  
Article
Determination of Groove Filling Levels of Pressed Pipe-Fitting Connections Using Phased Array Ultrasound Evaluated by a CNN
by Kevin Jacob, Benjamin Straß, Nico Brosta and Jaqueline Presti-Senni
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 2273; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16052273 - 26 Feb 2026
Viewed by 351
Abstract
In this paper, a method for determining the filling level of grooves (1 mm (W) × 0.25 mm (H)) in pressed titanium pipe-fitting joints is presented. The joints are inspected in a water bath using a 20 MHz phased array ultrasound, and the [...] Read more.
In this paper, a method for determining the filling level of grooves (1 mm (W) × 0.25 mm (H)) in pressed titanium pipe-fitting joints is presented. The joints are inspected in a water bath using a 20 MHz phased array ultrasound, and the acquired raw B-scans are evaluated by a convolutional neural network that performs per-groove regression. Reference filling levels are obtained destructively from micrographs. Compared to X-ray computed tomography and destructive sectioning, the proposed approach overcomes the low material contrast between pipe and fitting, avoids long scan times, and enables a nondestructive, potentially inline-capable quantitative assessment of sub-millimeter grooves. A manual high-frequency ultrasound evaluation with a single probe and conceivable rule-based time-of-flight pipelines with hand-crafted echo picking and thresholds both show only moderate agreement with CT references and require substantial feature engineering for multiple echoes. In contrast, the PAUT-CNN method exploits the full raw B-scan without explicit feature design and achieves a root mean square error of about 7% of the groove filling levels on a held-out test set, corresponding to an absolute error on the order of a few tens of micrometers in groove height. This demonstrates that high-frequency phased array ultrasound combined with data-driven evaluation can quantitatively assess the filling of sub-millimeter grooves in aerospace-relevant press-fit connections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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10 pages, 1005 KB  
Communication
A Simple Method to Examine Magnetomechanical Effect in High Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel
by Monika Gębara, Mariusz Najgebauer, Roman Gozdur, Karol Kopiecki and Krzysztof Chwastek
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010078 - 21 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2711
Abstract
Grain oriented electrical steel is the most common core material used in power and distribution transformers. Compressive mechanical stress has a detrimental effect on the magnetic properties of the steel; thus, it is important to develop techniques and models that might be useful [...] Read more.
Grain oriented electrical steel is the most common core material used in power and distribution transformers. Compressive mechanical stress has a detrimental effect on the magnetic properties of the steel; thus, it is important to develop techniques and models that might be useful for the designers of magnetic circuits in non-rotating electrical machines. The present paper proposes an approach to address this issue. The approach is related to previous research by Garikepati et al., yet it uses more easily accessible measurement data (coercive field strength). The phenomenological T(x) model is used as part of the computational chain. The results might interest engineers working on the nondestructive testing of soft magnetic materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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Other

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16 pages, 1689 KB  
Perspective
Digital Representation of NDE Systems: Data Networking and Information Modeling
by Dharma Panchal, Frank Leinenbach, Cemil Emre Ardic, Marina Klees, Michael Peters and Florian Roemer
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(7), 3447; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073447 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 433
Abstract
To enhance the measuring capabilities of modern Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) devices, it has become essential to integrate standardized digitization services and industry-compliant functionalities. This perspective paper examines approaches for improving NDE systems by incorporating key Industry 4.0 technologies, specifically digital representations such as [...] Read more.
To enhance the measuring capabilities of modern Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) devices, it has become essential to integrate standardized digitization services and industry-compliant functionalities. This perspective paper examines approaches for improving NDE systems by incorporating key Industry 4.0 technologies, specifically digital representations such as the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) and OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture). We discuss requirements for interoperable, semantically rich descriptions of NDE systems, outline how OPC UA information models and AAS submodels can be combined with MQTT-based transport, and illustrate these concepts through representative prototype implementations, including predictive maintenance and chatbot assistant use cases. By leveraging these technologies, NDE devices can be transformed into interoperable, data-rich, and intelligent components within smart industrial ecosystems. Compared with previous studies, this Perspective is the first to systematically bring together the requirements, architectural patterns, and evaluation criteria for digital representations designed specifically for NDE systems. It also provides, in a practical and accessible way, NDE-focused OPC UA and AAS-based architectures that support both predictive maintenance and LLM-assisted operator guidance. The presented implementations are at an early stage and serve as illustrative examples, while systematic quantitative validation is ongoing and is outlined as future work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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