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Application of Machine Learning in Space Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Aerospace Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 990

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: spacecraft system design; mission schedule; cooperative control for space complex cluster system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Completing complex missions in orbit intelligently and automatically is the main developing trend in space engineering. The combination of machine learning and space engineering is one of the key technologies to solve the issue above. From the subsystem level to the whole satellite system, to formation missions, and to constellation missions, especially for the mega LEO satellite network, machine learning algorithms have presented some advantages when facing uncertain space environments. Machine learning in space engineering will bring a powerful approach to solving complex problems and making decisions. Meanwhile, new challenges and issues have also emerged to attract more and more attention.  

Dr. Zhongcheng Mu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • machine learning
  • space engineering
  • autonomous operation in orbit
  • intelligent decision

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2776 KB  
Article
Implementation of the Stack-CNN Algorithm for Space Debris Detection on FPGA Board
by Matteo Abrate, Federico Reynaud, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Antonio Giulio Coretti, Andrea Frasson, Antonio Montanaro, Raffaella Bonino and Roberta Sirovich
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9268; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179268 - 23 Aug 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
The detection of faint, fast-moving objects such as space debris, in optical data is a major challenge due to their low signal-to-background ratio and short visibility time. This work addresses this issue by implementing the Stack-CNN algorithm, originally designed for offline analysis, on [...] Read more.
The detection of faint, fast-moving objects such as space debris, in optical data is a major challenge due to their low signal-to-background ratio and short visibility time. This work addresses this issue by implementing the Stack-CNN algorithm, originally designed for offline analysis, on an FPGA-based platform to enable real-time triggering capabilities in constrained space hardware environments. The Stack-CNN combines a stacking method to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of moving objects across multiple frames with a lightweight convolutional neural network optimized for embedded inference. The FPGA implementation was developed using a Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ platform and achieves low-latency, power-efficient inference compatible with CubeSat systems. Performance was evaluated using both a physics-based simulation framework and data acquired during outdoor experimental campaigns. The trigger maintains high detection efficiency for 10 cm-class targets up to 30–40 km distance and reliably detects real satellite tracks with signal levels as low as 1% above background. These results validate the feasibility of on-board real-time debris detection using embedded AI, and demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm under realistic operational conditions. The study was conducted in the context of a broader technology demonstration project, called DISCARD, aimed at increasing space situational awareness capabilities on small platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Machine Learning in Space Engineering)
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