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Applied Sciences
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Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures
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Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 17528

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pawel Kudela

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: elastic wave propagation modeling using spectral element method; damage modeling; parallel GPU computation; signal processing and enhancement of damage visualization for non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring; mechanics of composite structures; metamaterials; acoustic lenses and Lamb wave focusing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It has been observed that various branches of industry are increasingly utilizing composites in order to optimize the weight to stiffness ratio of structures. Moreover, automation of the assembly of structural components is sought by employing bonding instead of riveting. As a result, monitoring the integrity of composite structures has never been more important as it is today. Despite the advances in guided wave-based damage detection and localization in recent decades, challenges persist regarding damage size estimation. This Special Issue wishes to gather the best concepts, strategies, and signal processing algorithms available, suitable especially for size quantification of barely visible impact damage, delamination, and debonding in critical parts of composite structures. The aim is to cover aspects such as model-assisted structural health monitoring, piezoelectric sensor arrays and corresponding signal processing, and the utilization of a full wavefield of guided waves measured by scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for damage tomography. It is anticipated that this knowledge will facilitate the transition from discoveries in the laboratory to applications in industry.

Dr. Pawel Kudela
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • guided waves
  • Lamb waves
  • structural health monitoring
  • piezoelectric sensor arrays
  • laser vibrometry
  • debonding
  • delamination
  • barely visible impact damage
  • signal processing
  • damage size estimation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5430 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Elastic Wave Energy Imaging for the Detection and Localization of In-Sight and Out-of-Sight Defects in Composites
by Joost Segers, Saeid Hedayatrasa, Gaétan Poelman, Wim Van Paepegem and Mathias Kersemans
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3924; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113924 - 05 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
In this study, both linear and nonlinear vibrational defect imaging is performed for a cross-ply carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate with artificial delaminations and for a quasi-isotropic CFRP with delaminations at the edge. The measured broadband chirp vibrational response is decomposed into different [...] Read more.
In this study, both linear and nonlinear vibrational defect imaging is performed for a cross-ply carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate with artificial delaminations and for a quasi-isotropic CFRP with delaminations at the edge. The measured broadband chirp vibrational response is decomposed into different components: the linear response and the nonlinear response in terms of the higher harmonics. This decomposition is performed using the short-time Fourier transformation combined with bandpass filtering in the time-frequency domain. The linear and nonlinear vibrational response of the defect is analyzed by calculation of the defect-to-background ratio. Damage maps are created using band power calculation, which does not require any user-input nor prior information about the inspected sample. It is shown that the damage map resulting from the linear band power shows high sensitivity to shallow defects, while the damage map associated to the nonlinear band power shows a high sensitivity to both shallow and deep defects. Finally, a baseline-free framework is proposed for the detection and localization of out-of-sight damage. The damage is localized by source localization of the observed nonlinear wave components in the wavenumber domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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12 pages, 2740 KiB  
Article
Modes Control of Lamb Wave in Plates Using Meander-Line Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers
by Yinghong Zhang, Zhenghua Qian and Bin Wang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(10), 3491; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103491 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2661
Abstract
The multimode and dispersion characteristics of Lamb waves make them difficult to apply to nondestructive evaluation. This paper presents a paired configuration of a meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to generate a single-mode symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave in aluminum plates. In [...] Read more.
The multimode and dispersion characteristics of Lamb waves make them difficult to apply to nondestructive evaluation. This paper presents a paired configuration of a meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to generate a single-mode symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave in aluminum plates. In the paired structure, the bias magnetic field of the EMAT that generates symmetric mode Lamb waves is perpendicular to the plate surface, while the bias magnetic field of the EMAT that generates antisymmetric Lamb waves is parallel to the plate surface. The symmetric and antisymmetric exciting forces generated by these two EMATs are consistent with the dispersion equations of single symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave modes, respectively. The numerical simulations and experiments verified that the presented paired configurations of meander-line coil EMATs can effectively control the generation of single-mode Lamb waves at low frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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20 pages, 25537 KiB  
Article
Guided Waves for Damage Detection in Complex Composite Structures: The Influence of Omega Stringer and Different Reference Damage Size
by Jochen Moll, Christian Kexel, Jens Kathol, Claus-Peter Fritzen, Maria Moix-Bonet, Christian Willberg, Marcel Rennoch, Michael Koerdt and Axel Herrmann
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3068; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093068 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4558
Abstract
The third dataset dedicated to the Open Guided Waves platform aims at carbon fiber composite plates with an additional omega stringer at constant temperature conditions. The two structures used in this work are representative for real aircraft components. Comprehensive measurements were recorded in [...] Read more.
The third dataset dedicated to the Open Guided Waves platform aims at carbon fiber composite plates with an additional omega stringer at constant temperature conditions. The two structures used in this work are representative for real aircraft components. Comprehensive measurements were recorded in order to study (I) the impact of the omega stringer on guided wave propagation, and (II) elliptical reference damages of different sizes located at three separate positions on the structure. Measurements were recorded for narrowband excitation (5-cycle toneburst with varying carrier frequencies) and broadband excitation (using chirp waveforms). The paper presents the results of a technical validation including numerical modelling, and enables further research, for example related to probability of detection (POD) analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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16 pages, 9292 KiB  
Article
Lamb-Wave-Based Method in the Evaluation of Self-Healing Efficiency
by Maciej Radzieński, Paweł Kudela, Wiesław Ostachowicz, Patryk Bolimowski, Rafał Kozera and Anna Boczkowska
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(7), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072585 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2022
Abstract
The aim of this research is a feasibility study of self-healing process monitoring in composite laminates. A novel nondestructive method based on the full wavefield of Lamb wave processing is proposed. Experimental verification is presented for glass-fiber-reinforced polymer plate with embedded self-healing function [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is a feasibility study of self-healing process monitoring in composite laminates. A novel nondestructive method based on the full wavefield of Lamb wave processing is proposed. Experimental verification is presented for glass-fiber-reinforced polymer plate with embedded self-healing function in the form of a dry microcapsule powder. After impacting the specimen to create barely visible impact damage, a series of laser vibrometer full wavefield measurements were carried out and processed to assess self-healing efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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17 pages, 8423 KiB  
Article
Propagation of Non-Linear Lamb Waves in Adhesive Joint with Micro-Cracks Distributing Randomly
by Xiaoyang Li, Guoshuang Shui, Youxuan Zhao and Yue-Sheng Wang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030741 - 21 Jan 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2346
Abstract
With the advantages of uniform stress transfer and weight reduction, adhesive joints are widely used in engineering. The propagation of non-linear Lamb waves in an adhesive joint with micro-cracks distributing in a random way is systematically investigated by using the numerical simulation method [...] Read more.
With the advantages of uniform stress transfer and weight reduction, adhesive joints are widely used in engineering. The propagation of non-linear Lamb waves in an adhesive joint with micro-cracks distributing in a random way is systematically investigated by using the numerical simulation method in this paper. A finite element model of the tri-layer adhesive structure with micro-cracks distributing randomly is established, and the Lamb wave mode pair with a matching condition of the phase velocity is chosen to examine the interaction of the micro-cracks with Lamb waves. The results show that the micro-cracks within the adhesive layer will lead to the generation of second harmonics. We also find that the Acoustic Non-linearity Parameters (ANP) increase with the propagation distance in the micro-crack damage zone and the density of the micro-cracks. However, ANPs are less concerned with the friction coefficients of the surface of micro-cracks. This numerical research reveals that non-linear Lamb waves can be employed to effectively characterize the micro-cracks related damages within an adhesive joint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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22 pages, 11385 KiB  
Article
Multimode Guided Wave Detection for Various Composite Damage Types
by Hanfei Mei, Robin James, Mohammad Faisal Haider and Victor Giurgiutiu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(2), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020484 - 09 Jan 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3391
Abstract
This paper presents a new methodology for detecting various types of composite damage, such as delamination and impact damage, through the application of multimode guided waves. The basic idea is that various wave modes have different interactions with various types of composite damage. [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new methodology for detecting various types of composite damage, such as delamination and impact damage, through the application of multimode guided waves. The basic idea is that various wave modes have different interactions with various types of composite damage. Using this method, selective excitations of pure-mode guided waves were achieved using adjustable angle beam transducers (ABTs). The tuning angles of various wave modes were calculated using Snell’s law applied to the theoretical dispersion curves of composite plates. Pitch–catch experiments were conducted on a 2-mm quasi-isotropic carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate to validate the excitations of pure fundamental symmetric mode (S0) and shear horizontal mode (SH0). The generated pure S0 mode and SH0 mode were used to detect and separate the simulated delamination and actual impact damage. It was observed that S0 mode was only sensitive to the impact damage, while SH0 mode was sensitive to both simulated delamination and impact damage. The use of pure S0 and SH0 modes allowed for damage separation. In addition, the proposed method was applied to a 3-mm-thick quasi-isotropic CFRP composite plate using multimode guided wave detection to distinguish between delamination and impact damage. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has a good capability to detect and separate various damage types in composite structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Wave-Based Damage Identification for Composite Structures)
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