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Applied Sciences
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Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer
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Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanotechnology and Applied Nanosciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 6723

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Miguel E Castro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, The University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR 00682, USA
Interests: nanotechnology; biomedical research; energy research
Dr. Priyanka Ray

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 20588, USA
Interests: drug delivery; nanomedicine; polymers; cancer therapeutics; liposomes; nucleic acid therapeutics; aptamer; aptasensor; cancer biomarkers; point-of-care devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is responsible for 9.6 million deaths and there were about 17 million new cases worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It is expected that there will be 27.5 million new cases by 2040. The economic impact of cancer is significant. The total cost of cancer was estimated to be US $ 1.16 trillion in 2010. This number is likely to have increased significantly by the end of 2020. The standard of care continues to be invasive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery treatments, coupled with frequent laboratory and imaging for diagnostics. 

Nanotechnology is a wide field, with the potential to become a key player in future cancer treatments. Cancer marker targeted antibodies attached to magnetic nanoparticles can be used for the early detection of cancer. Toxic drugs can be attached to specialized nanomaterials for localized delivery in tumors, reducing the secondary effects associated with traditional chemotherapy methods. Nanostructures have been engineered to deliver high heat or radiation localized in tumor areas. New promising research has emerged on the use of advanced genetic treatments, and new directions based on pH control for cancer treatment are underway in several laboratories. It is very likely that these will be coupled with nanotechnology engineered nanostructures for enhanced specificity and localized action. This Special Issue of Applied Science seeks to disseminate contributions on the advancement of applications of nanotechnology in cancer. The Issue welcomes nanotechnology applications in chemotherapeutics, target drug delivery, imaging, and radio therapy, as well as in the use of pH-controlled reactions for cancer treatment.

Dr. Miguel E Castro
Dr. Priyanka Ray
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanotechnology
  • nanoclusters
  • cancer treatment
  • radiation therapy
  • chemotherapy
  • imaging
  • diagnostics
  • pH
  • genetics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2046 KiB  
Article
Gold Nanoparticles as Photothermal Agent in Cancer Therapy: Theoretical Study of Concentration and Agglomeration Effects on Temperature
by Thomas Grosges and Dominique Barchiesi
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3315; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073315 - 24 Mar 2022
Viewed by 1402
Abstract
One promising cancer therapy is related to the treatment of diseased cells through thermal ablation by an individual or an agglomeration of nanoparticles acting as photothermal agents. The main principle of such a therapy consists in the photo-energy absorption by the nanoparticles and [...] Read more.
One promising cancer therapy is related to the treatment of diseased cells through thermal ablation by an individual or an agglomeration of nanoparticles acting as photothermal agents. The main principle of such a therapy consists in the photo-energy absorption by the nanoparticles and its conversion into heat in order to kill the biological media/cells in the neighboring regions of such a photothermal agent. Nevertheless, such a therapy must preserve the surrounding healthy cells (or biological media). In case of agglomerates of nanoparticles, the local concentrations of nanoparticles may increase the temperature locally. In this paper, we use the finite element method to calculate the temperature elevation for agglomerations of nanoparticles in a biological medium/cell. The positions of nanoparticles, forming the agglomerates, are randomly generated. The temperature elevation for such agglomerations of nanoparticles is then analyzed. We show that the control of the concentration of nanoparticles can preserve the efficiency of the thermal agent, but with limited risk of damage to the surrounding biological media/cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer)
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18 pages, 2708 KiB  
Article
Size-Dependent Cytotoxic and Molecular Study of the Use of Gold Nanoparticles against Liver Cancer Cells
by Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy and Rizwan Wahab
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020901 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
The size of nanomaterials influences physicochemical parameters, and variations in the size of nanomaterials can have a significant effect on their biological activities in cells. Due to the potential applicability of nanoparticles (NPs), the current work was designed to carry out a size-dependent [...] Read more.
The size of nanomaterials influences physicochemical parameters, and variations in the size of nanomaterials can have a significant effect on their biological activities in cells. Due to the potential applicability of nanoparticles (NPs), the current work was designed to carry out a size-dependent study of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in different dimensions, synthesized via a colloidal solution process. Three dissimilar-sized GNPs, GNPs-1 (10–15 nm), GNPs-2 (20–30 nm), and GNPs-3 (45 nm), were prepared and characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and UV-visible spectroscopy, and applied against liver cancer (HepG2) cells. Various concentrations of GNPs (1, 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were applied against the HepG2 cancer cells to assess the percentage of cell viability via MTT and NRU assays; reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also used. ROS generation was increased by 194%, 164%, and 153% for GNPs-1, GNPs-2, and GNPs-3, respectively, in the HepG2 cells. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data for the HepG2 cells showed up-regulation in gene expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, p53, and caspase-3) when exposed to the different-sized GNPs, and defined their respective roles. Based on the results, it was concluded that GNPs of different sizes have the potential to induce cancer cell death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer)
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10 pages, 1615 KiB  
Article
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Doxorubicin: Drug Loading and Release
by Candace M. Day, Martin J. Sweetman, Yunmei Song, Sally E. Plush and Sanjay Garg
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6121; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136121 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2694
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles have played a major role in the field of targeted therapy, owing to their ability to control the release and for the selective delivery of entrapped materials to tumours. In this work, we described the loading capacity and in vitro release [...] Read more.
Functionalized nanoparticles have played a major role in the field of targeted therapy, owing to their ability to control the release and for the selective delivery of entrapped materials to tumours. In this work, we described the loading capacity and in vitro release kinetics of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), functionalized with Poly-L-Histidine and Tamoxifen. The model drug Doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully encapsulated into MSN-based systems, using the technique of solvent immersion. A post-surface grafting loading method was investigated on functionalized systems, with DOX loading content determined using HPLC. Dialysis bag diffusion was employed to investigate the release kinetics of DOX-loaded-systems at pH 7.4 and 5. The amount of DOX released from native MSNs systems over a 72 h period at pH 5 was approximately 40%; and at pH 7.4 ≈ 30%. A moderate pH dependent release behaviour was observed with both our functionalized systems: DOX@MSN-PLH and DOX@MSN-PLH-TAM; with approximately 5% of DOX released from DOX@MSN-PLH-TAM at pH 7.4 and about 9% released at pH 7.4 over 72 h. The maximal cumulated release of DOX molecules from DOX@MSN-PLH after 72 h was ≈18% at pH 7.4 and ≈23% at pH 5, respectively. The outcome of this work offers a promising contribution towards building future stimuli-responsive nano-drug delivery systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer)
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