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AI-Enhanced 4D Geospatial Monitoring for Healthy and Resilient Cities

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 4498

Special Issue Editor


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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Four-dimensional geospatial data, including the dimension of time, provide critical information for the deeper understanding of our ever-changing urban landscapes. This technology, coupled with the power of AI, is revolutionizing the way we approach urban sustainability. Four-dimensional data and AI allow us to monitor urban heat islands and flood risks with higher accuracy. This empowers us to develop targeted strategies like green infrastructure and water management, safeguarding public health and fostering climate adaptation. Leveraging 4D geospatial data, AI algorithms can be used to unravel the complex relationships between urban morphology, building density, and micro-climatic cluster formation. This empowers us to develop sustainable urban strategies by considering local micro-climates, urban heat islands, and flood risks, leading to the development of healthier and resilient cities. Four-dimensional monitoring exposes the facets of urban expansion, environmental impacts, and the evolution of infrastructure. The application of AI in analyzing these data yields profound insights into the dynamics of environmental change and ecosystem sustainability. These insights are instrumental in directing practical actions towards fostering healthy and resilient urban environments. The topics include, but are not limited to:

Generating 4D geospatial data: utilizing lidar and photogrammetry to capture precise 3D snapshots of urban landscapes, including building structures and vegetation canopies, to reveal interactions between urban design, health impacts, and climate resilience across various timescales.

Urban biodiversity and ecosystem services: utilizing advanced algorithms and 4D data, this approach maps urban green spaces, tracks biodiversity hotspots, and evaluates ecosystem services, focusing on temporal changes in urban biodiversity and integrating spectral analysis and biodiversity indices to assess urbanization impacts.

Green infrastructure for flood resilience: investigating the effectiveness of urban green spaces in flood mitigation using simulations and temporal analysis for resilient urban ecosystems.

Micro-climatic analysis of urban areas: this involves grasping the small-scale climatic variations within urban environments, focusing on examining localized differences in weather, temperature, and air quality and considering both natural and man-made features.

Climate change adaptation and public health: this involves modeling the effects of extreme weather events on urban infrastructure, assisting the assessments of how green spaces impact air quality and mitigate urban heat islands, which directly impacts public health and reduces heat-stroke risks.

We look forward to receiving your contributions in the form of reviews, articles, or letters.

Dr. Ram C. Sharma
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • urban sustainability
  • remote sensing and geospatial technology
  • urban geomorphology
  • vegetation and public health
  • urban ecosystem analysis
  • AI, machine learning, and deep learning
  • urban design and micro-climatic conditions
  • green infrastructures and water management systems
  • lidar and photogrammetry
  • extreme weather events and heat stroke
  • air quality and public health
  • spectral analysis and biodiversity indices
  • social issues and urban resilience strategies
  • optical, radar, and lidar sensing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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17 pages, 7411 KiB  
Article
An Immersive Hydroinformatics Framework with Extended Reality for Enhanced Visualization and Simulation of Hydrologic Data
by Uditha Herath Mudiyanselage, Eveline Landes Gonzalez, Yusuf Sermet and Ibrahim Demir
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 5278; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105278 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 144
Abstract
This study introduces a novel framework with the use of extended reality (XR) systems in hydrology, particularly focusing on immersive visualization of hydrologic data for enhanced environmental planning and decision making. The study details the shift from traditional 2D data visualization methods in [...] Read more.
This study introduces a novel framework with the use of extended reality (XR) systems in hydrology, particularly focusing on immersive visualization of hydrologic data for enhanced environmental planning and decision making. The study details the shift from traditional 2D data visualization methods in hydrology to more advanced XR technologies, including virtual and augmented reality. Unlike static 2D maps or charts that require cross-referencing disparate data sources, this system consolidates real-time, multivariate datasets, such as streamflow, precipitation, and terrain, into a single interactive, spatially contextualized 3D environment. Immersive information systems facilitate dynamic interaction with real-time hydrological and meteorological datasets for various stakeholders and use cases, and pave the way for metaverse and digital twin systems. This system, accessible via web browsers and XR devices, allows users to navigate a 3D representation of the continental United States. The paper addresses the current limitations in hydrological visualization, methodology, and system architecture while discussing the challenges, limitations, and future directions to extend its applicability to a wider range of environmental management and disaster response scenarios. Future application potential includes climate resilience planning, immersive disaster preparedness training, and public education, where stakeholders can explore scenario-based outcomes within a virtual space to support real-time or anticipatory decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enhanced 4D Geospatial Monitoring for Healthy and Resilient Cities)
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36 pages, 9570 KiB  
Article
Random Forest Spatial-Temporal and State Space Models to Assess the Impact of Bushfire-Induced Aerosol Events on Ozone Depletion in Australia
by Irene Hudson, Phillip Pedro-Suvorov and Servet Kocak
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9825; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219825 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1328
Abstract
Serious concerns exist that the increasing frequency of fires may delay the recovery of ozone given increasing temperatures due to climate change. Australian bushfires from September 2019 to February 2020 were catastrophic. A random forest spatial-temporal (RF sp) analysis using satellite data to [...] Read more.
Serious concerns exist that the increasing frequency of fires may delay the recovery of ozone given increasing temperatures due to climate change. Australian bushfires from September 2019 to February 2020 were catastrophic. A random forest spatial-temporal (RF sp) analysis using satellite data to detect an association between Australian bushfires and stratosphere ozone on the local depletion of ozone in the vicinity of fires in three regions of Australia (Pacific Ocean, Victoria, NSW) has shown a significant reduction in ozone attributable to aerosols from fires. By intervention analysis, increases in aerosols in all three regions were shown to have a significant and ongoing impact 1–5 days later on reducing ozone (p < 0.0001). Intervention analysis also gave similar periods of aerosol exceedance to those found by Hidden Markov models (HMMs). HMMs established a significant and quantifiable decline in ozone due to bushfire-induced aerosols, with significant lags of 10–25 days between times of aerosol exceedance and subsequent ozone level decline in all three regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enhanced 4D Geospatial Monitoring for Healthy and Resilient Cities)
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20 pages, 12621 KiB  
Article
Innovative System for BIM/GIS Integration in the Context of Urban Sustainability
by Vincenzo Barrile, Fabio La Foresta, Salvatore Calcagno and Emanuela Genovese
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 8704; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198704 - 26 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
In the context of urban sustainability and the development of resilient cities, the use of 4D geospatial data and the integration and association of building information with geographical information are of considerable interest. Achieving this integration is particularly significant in the scientific field [...] Read more.
In the context of urban sustainability and the development of resilient cities, the use of 4D geospatial data and the integration and association of building information with geographical information are of considerable interest. Achieving this integration is particularly significant in the scientific field from a technical standpoint but poses significant challenges due to the incompatibility between the two environments. This research proposes various methodologies for the effective integration of BIM/GIS data by analyzing their pros and cons and highlights the innovative aspects of the integration between these systems. Starting with the use of commercial software that has enabled the integration of a building’s 3D model within a GIS environment (this system is particularly useful for its ease of management and the potential for practical applications), this study progresses to an experimental virtual/augmented/mixed reality app developed by the authors that allows for the virtual integration of a building with its territorial context. It concludes with an innovative methodology that, by using the customizable and extensible libraries of the Cesium platform, facilitates the integration of structural data within a 4D geospatial space. This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating BIM and GIS data despite inherent incompatibilities. The innovative use of Cesium platform libraries further enhances this integration, providing a comprehensive solution for intelligent and sustainable urban planning. By addressing the challenges of incompatibility, the final solution offers critical insights for a deeper understanding of evolving urban landscapes and for monitoring urban expansion and its environmental impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enhanced 4D Geospatial Monitoring for Healthy and Resilient Cities)
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