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Machine Learning Applications in Earthquake Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 3395

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
Interests: machine learning in earthquake engineering; seismic risk assessment; FEM and nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete and masonry structures; seismic retrofit with FRPs

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: civil engineering; masonry structures; retrofitting of structures; assessment of structures; vulnerability of structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Machine Learning is expected to significantly advance earthquake engineering research and practice. Currently, there are two main approaches in this field: physics-based methods, which are transparent, interpretable, and somewhat predictable, and data-driven Machine Learning models, which are unique and can be difficult to interpret. Consequently, there is a growing trend toward finding a balance between these approaches. Since the lack of physical interpretation in Machine Learning models can limit their applicability, integrating physical research into Machine Learning-based earthquake engineering studies is essential. Despite the increasing number of studies, the application of Machine Learning to earthquake engineering is still in its early stages compared to other disciplines. However, with the support of next-generation data sharing and sensor technologies, Machine Learning holds great potential to revolutionize earthquake engineering. It has been applied in four key areas: seismic hazard analysis, system identification and damage detection, seismic fragility assessment, and structural control for earthquake mitigation. The literature identifies seven classes of Machine Learning methods: artificial neural networks, support vector machines, response surface models, logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, and hybrid methods, which combine multiple soft computing algorithms, such as fuzzy logic. This Special Issue invites contributions on all these topic areas, as well as on Machine Learning methods in earthquake engineering.

Dr. Konstantinos G. Megalooikonomou
Dr. Leonidas Alexandros S. Kouris
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • earthquake engineering
  • structural dynamics
  • seismic risk assessment
  • seismic hazard analysis
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 7679 KB  
Article
Applicability of Shallow Artificial Neural Networks on the Estimation of Frequency Content of Strong Ground Motion in Greece
by Dimitris Sotiriadis
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(20), 11223; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011223 - 20 Oct 2025
Viewed by 667
Abstract
The frequency content of strong ground motion significantly affects the response of engineered systems under seismic excitation. Among some scalar parameters which exist in the literature, the mean period Tm has proved to be the most efficient. Ground Motion Predictive Equations (GMPEs) [...] Read more.
The frequency content of strong ground motion significantly affects the response of engineered systems under seismic excitation. Among some scalar parameters which exist in the literature, the mean period Tm has proved to be the most efficient. Ground Motion Predictive Equations (GMPEs) are usually developed for ground motion parameters through the calibration of coefficients of predefined functional forms, via linear or nonlinear regression, and based on recorded ground motion data. Such expressions of Tm are rare in the literature. Recently, the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in earthquake engineering and engineering seismology has increased. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an effective ML algorithm which has already been explored for the development of GMPEs for amplitude-based ground motion parameters. Within the work presented herein, multiple nonlinear regression (NLR)- and ANN-based GMPEs are developed for Tm using the latest strong motion database for shallow earthquakes in Greece. To the author’s knowledge, the implementation of ANN for producing GMPEs for Tm for shallow earthquake events has not been explored. Direct comparison between the NLR- and ANN-based GMPEs is performed, in terms of performance indexes, aleatory uncertainty, and working examples, as well as testing against earthquake events not included in the original dataset. The results reveal that the ANN-based GMPEs are useful in reducing aleatory uncertainty, although care should be taken in their implementation to avoid overfitting issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Applications in Earthquake Engineering)
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14 pages, 2719 KB  
Article
Real-Time Prediction of S-Wave Accelerograms from P-Wave Signals Using LSTM Networks with Integrated Fragility-Based Structural Damage Alerts for Induced Seismicity
by Konstantinos G. Megalooikonomou and Grigorios N. Beligiannis
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(20), 11017; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011017 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1676
Abstract
Early warning of structural damage from induced seismic events requires rapid and reliable ground motion forecasting. This study presents a novel real-time framework that couples a deep learning approach with structural fragility assessment to generate immediate damage alerts following the onset of seismic [...] Read more.
Early warning of structural damage from induced seismic events requires rapid and reliable ground motion forecasting. This study presents a novel real-time framework that couples a deep learning approach with structural fragility assessment to generate immediate damage alerts following the onset of seismic shaking. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are employed to predict full S-wave accelerograms from initial P-wave inputs, trained and tested on accelerometric records from induced seismicity scenarios. The predicted S-wave motion is then used as input for a suite of fragility curves in real time to estimate the probability of structural damage for masonry buildings typical in rural areas of geothermal platforms. The proposed method captures both the temporal evolution of shaking and the structural response potential, offering critical seconds of lead time for automated decision-making systems. Results demonstrate high predictive accuracy of the LSTM model and effective early classification of structural risk. This integrated system provides a practical tool for early warning or rapid response in regions experiencing anthropogenic seismicity, such as those affected by geothermal operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Applications in Earthquake Engineering)
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