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Microorganisms and their Use in Biotechnological Production

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2024) | Viewed by 2994

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: biotechnology; environment; industrial biotechnology; microbial chemistry; photosynthetic microorganisms; yeast applied research

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Guest Editor
Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Interests: microbial biotechnology; oxidoreductases; functional genomics; secondary metabolites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in biotechnological processes, shaping industries across diverse domains. From pharmaceuticals to environmental remediation, their versatility is unmatched.

Microorganisms have been used in different applications for thousands of years, especially in food such as bread or beer production. In recent decades, their uses have increased in chemical and biofuel production. Especially in the case of phototrophic microorganisms, their capability to capture CO2 and utilize light has been exploited to produce different compounds. Furthermore, the applications of yeasts and bacteria in waste treatment, the bioremediation of environmental pollutants, or as ameliorants against biotic and abiotic stressors have also increased. However, we still need to learn how they work in many applications or the potential use of new microorganisms.

This Special Issue aims to explore the intricate interplay between microorganisms and biotechnological production. We invite contributions that delve into microbial physiology, metabolic engineering, fermentation, and novel applications, among others.

By fostering interdisciplinary dialogue, we aspire to unravel new frontiers in biotechnology.

Dr. Giovanni Barone
Prof. Dr. Dirk Tischler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • environmentally sustainable biotechnology
  • industrial and agro-environmental biotechnologies
  • microbial metabolites and bioprocessing
  • yeasts, bacteria, and microalgae
  • genetic and metabolic engineering

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4047 KiB  
Article
Acidulated Soapstock as a Carbon Source for the Production of Mannosylerythritol Lipids by Pseudozyma antarctica ATCC 2706
by Sushil S. Dombe, Suraj N. Mali, Jagruti V. Jadhav, Sandeep B. Kale, Amit P. Pratap and Jorddy N. Cruz
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9891; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219891 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 904
Abstract
Acid oil produced from the acidulation of soapstock was investigated as a feedstock for producing a glycolipid biosurfactant, manosylerithritol lipid (MEL), by microbial fermentation. Fermentation with the optimized acid oil substrate concentration of 200 g L−1 resulted in 3.89 g L−1 [...] Read more.
Acid oil produced from the acidulation of soapstock was investigated as a feedstock for producing a glycolipid biosurfactant, manosylerithritol lipid (MEL), by microbial fermentation. Fermentation with the optimized acid oil substrate concentration of 200 g L−1 resulted in 3.89 g L−1 of MEL. To enhance productivity, the titer MEL was produced by a multistage fermentation process with the periodic addition of 20–50 g L−1 substrate after the stationary phase of the culture. The repeated substrate feeding marginally enhanced the MEL titer up to 5.56 g L−1. The MEL from the culture broth was recovered by solvent extraction at different pH levels. Among the solvents tested, ethyl acetate: acetonitrile (9:1) demonstrated a higher partition coefficient value of 3.1 in acidic conditions with 75.6% MEL recovery. The MEL produced by using acid oil as feedstock has significant surface-active properties, measuring 2.8 × 10−6 M in critical micelle concentration with 29.3 mN m−1 surface tension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microorganisms and their Use in Biotechnological Production)
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10 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Antitumor, Antioxidant, and Hemolytic Activities of Chlorella sorokiniana Methanol Extracts and Collective Fractions
by Maribel Domínguez-Gámez, César I. Romo-Sáenz, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Guadalupe González-Ochoa, Andrés García-Romero, Alonso A. Orozco-Flores, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla and Patricia Tamez-Guerra
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9613; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209613 - 21 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1635
Abstract
Chlorella species are fast-growing microalgae with significant industrial applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities of Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 crude methanol extracts and fractions. Ch. sorokiniana crude methanol extracts and collective fractions (CFs) [...] Read more.
Chlorella species are fast-growing microalgae with significant industrial applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities of Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 crude methanol extracts and fractions. Ch. sorokiniana crude methanol extracts and collective fractions (CFs) were obtained from lyophilized biomass by maceration and column chromatography. Antitumor assays against murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were performed by the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction technique, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as the control group. Antioxidant and hemolytic activities were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and erythrocyte hemolysis, respectively. We showed that crude methanol extracts (IC50) increased L5178Y-R and MCF-7 cell growth inhibition, without affecting PBMC. In addition, all evaluated CFs showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than the positive control (ascorbic acid). CF3 and CF4 showed the highest cytotoxicity against L5178Y-R, whereas CF3, CF4, and CF5 caused the highest antitumor activity against MCF-7 cells. CF3, CF4, and CF5 induced significantly higher hemolytic activity compared with all other fractions. CF characterization revealed loliolide, cinnamic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, salsalvamide A, 1-monolinolenin, cryptophycin 29, costunolide, riboflavin lumicrome, and germicidin B, which have been related to antitumor and antioxidant activities. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Ch. sorokiniana extracts and fractions possess antitumor and antioxidant potential, without affecting human erythrocytes and PBMC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microorganisms and their Use in Biotechnological Production)
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