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Artificial Intelligence Applications in Underground Space Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (3 March 2026) | Viewed by 733

Special Issue Editors

Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: deep learning infrastructure resilience point cloud segmentation; tunnel boring machine; spatial-temporal dynamics in operation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underground space technology encompasses the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of subsurface infrastructure, including tunnels, metro systems, underground mines, utility corridors, and underground storage facilities. With accelerating urbanization and the growing scarcity of surface space, the efficient and safe utilization of underground space has become a globally critical focus. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing this field by enabling data-driven decision-making, automating complex processes, and enhancing the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of underground projects.

This Topic explores the intersection of artificial intelligence and underground space technology, focusing on how AI techniques—such as machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and intelligent optimization—can address challenges unique to subsurface environments. We invite submissions on both theoretical advancements and practical applications, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • AI-driven geological exploration and subsurface mapping (e.g., predicting rock properties or groundwater flow using machine learning);
  • Intelligent design and optimization of underground structures (e.g., tunnel route optimization via AI algorithms);
  • AI-based construction monitoring and control (e.g., real-time risk detection in tunnel boring using computer vision);
  • Predictive maintenance and structural health monitoring of underground infrastructure (e.g., employing AI models for early detection of cracks or corrosion);
  • Autonomous systems and robotics in underground operations (e.g., AI-powered drones for mine inspection or automated tunnel excavation);
  • AI applications in underground space safety management and emergency response (e.g., disaster prediction and evacuation route optimization);
  • AI-integrated digital twin technology for underground environments (for simulation and decision support);
  • AI-enabled improvement of energy efficiency and reduction in environmental impact in underground projects (e.g., intelligent ventilation control);
  • AI-based shield tunnel boring prediction (e.g., using machine learning models to predict tunnel boring parameters such as penetration rate, torque and thrust, and predicting potential geological hazards during the boring process to guide safe and efficient construction).

Dr. Ankang Ji
Dr. Nikos D. Lagaros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • underground space technology
  • machine learning
  • tunnel engineering
  • underground exploration
  • intelligent construction
  • structural health monitoring
  • underground safety
  • digital twin
  • underground robotics
  • shield tunnel boring prediction

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 26802 KB  
Article
Attention-Guided Semantic Segmentation and Scan-to-Model Geometric Reconstruction of Underground Tunnels from Mobile Laser Scanning
by Yingjia Huang, Jiang Ye, Xiaohui Li and Jingliang Du
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(6), 3042; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16063042 - 21 Mar 2026
Viewed by 321
Abstract
Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) integrated with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has emerged as a key technology for digitizing GNSS-denied environments, such as underground mines. However, the automated interpretation of unstructured, high-density point clouds into semantic engineering models remains challenging due to extreme [...] Read more.
Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) integrated with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has emerged as a key technology for digitizing GNSS-denied environments, such as underground mines. However, the automated interpretation of unstructured, high-density point clouds into semantic engineering models remains challenging due to extreme geometric anisotropy in point distributions and severe class imbalance inherent to narrow tunnel environments. To address these issues, this study proposes a highly automated scan-to-model framework for precise semantic segmentation and vectorized two-dimensional (2D) profile reconstruction. First, an enhanced hierarchical deep learning network tailored for point clouds is introduced. The architecture incorporates a context-aware sampling strategy with an expanded receptive field of up to 10 m to preserve axial continuity, coupled with a spatial–geometric dual-attention mechanism to refine boundary delineation. In addition, a composite Focal–Dice loss function is employed to alleviate the dominance of wall points during network training. Experimental validation on a field-collected dataset comprising 16 mine tunnels demonstrates that the proposed model achieves a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 85.15% (±0.29%) and an Overall Accuracy (OA) of 95.13% (±0.13%). Building on this semantic foundation, a robust geometric modeling pipeline is established using curvature-guided filtering and density-adaptive B-spline fitting. The reconstructed profiles accurately recover the geometric mean surface of the tunnel wall, yielding an overall filtered Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.96 ± 0.48 cm. The proposed framework provides an efficient end-to-end solution for deformation analysis and digital twinning of underground mining infrastructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Applications in Underground Space Technology)
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