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Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 7164

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: analytical techniques (HPLC; GC-MS; LC-MS; NMR); antioxidants; beneficial effects; bioactive compounds; extraction techniques; food and health; food and nutrition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidation is a natural chemical process that produces molecules called free radicals, which react with and damage the body's cells by damaging their membrane, enzymes, and DNA. Numerous studies have shown that sustained damage can cause cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, including depressive disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and even cancer. Substances capable of neutralizing the harmful effect of free radicals are antioxidants. Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidative alterations in food as well, such as rancidity (typical of fats and oils), browning (to which fruit and fruit juices are sensitive, for example), and alterations in aroma which would make the product inedible. These alterations very often cause a loss of nutritional value or the formation of sometimes harmful chemical compounds. Oxidative alterations can be due to the action of oxygen, air, light, heat, and the presence of metallic traces or enzymatic activities. Many antioxidants are found in nature, such as ascorbic acid, sulfur dioxide, lecithins, and tocopherols, and are generally harmless, while artificial ones are chemically produced in the laboratory. However, in many cases, a complete documentation of the latter’s effects on human metabolism is lacking. In any case, the importance of both natural and artificial antioxidants has led to numerous lines of research in various sectors, ranging from the extraction of these compounds from various food matrices, especially those of vegetal origin, including waste from the agri-food sector, thus promoting the circular economy, to aspects that concern their synthesis and the use of nanotechnologies in their delivery. The ultimate aim is to improve the quality of food and consequently generate beneficial effects for health. Therefore, all manuscripts focusing on these research areas will be welcome in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Monica Gallo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oxidation
  • free radicals
  • beneficial effects
  • rancidity
  • browning
  • alteration of aroma
  • food waste
  • circular economy
  • nanotechnology
  • extraction techniques

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 3333 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Morphological, Chemical, and Antioxidant Characteristics, and Phenolic Profile of Three Goji Berry Varieties Cultivated in Southwestern Spain
by María Elena García-Garrido, Mónica Sánchez-Parra, José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz and José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(22), 11999; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152211999 - 12 Nov 2025
Viewed by 544
Abstract
Agricultural diversification represents an important strategy for promoting sustainability and resilience in rural regions. Goji berries (Lycium barbarum) have emerged as a promising alternative crop due to their high nutritional and functional potential. In this sense, the search for new crops [...] Read more.
Agricultural diversification represents an important strategy for promoting sustainability and resilience in rural regions. Goji berries (Lycium barbarum) have emerged as a promising alternative crop due to their high nutritional and functional potential. In this sense, the search for new crops to diversify the production in southwestern Spain is of main interest for farmers to adapt their productions to consumers claims and to climate change, having alternatives to the classical crops (olives, grapes for wine, etc.). This study evaluated several quality related parameters of three goji berry varieties cultivated in the southwest of Spain. Texture profile analysis (TPA) and puncture tests revealed varietal differences in firmness, cohesiveness, and springiness, influenced by genotype and harvesting time. Other morphological and quality parameters such as moisture, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color were also affected. Significant differences in antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) were found among the varieties and harvesting times, with NQ7 exhibiting the highest values. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by LC–HRMS/MS, detecting 33 compounds, with most belonging to the hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and flavanones families. NQ7 presented the highest total phenolic content (74.787 mg/100 g DW), with rutin, coumaric acid derivatives, and naringenin as major contributors. The correlation analysis confirmed a strong relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Overall, the results indicated that goji berries grown in southwestern Spain exhibited favorable quality and bioactive profiles, supporting their suitability for sustainable production and commercialization, including further applications as functional food ingredients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food)
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16 pages, 1427 KB  
Article
Spelt Grass Juice: Phytochemicals and Antiproliferative Activity
by Ana Topalović, Mirko Knežević, Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek and Jasminka Mrđanović
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 4917; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094917 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Spelt is gaining popularity due to its nutritional and ecological benefits, particularly in organic farming. Juice from young spelt grass is rich in potassium, phosphorus, manganese, and chromium, along with beneficial pigments and phenolic compounds, all of which support human health. This study [...] Read more.
Spelt is gaining popularity due to its nutritional and ecological benefits, particularly in organic farming. Juice from young spelt grass is rich in potassium, phosphorus, manganese, and chromium, along with beneficial pigments and phenolic compounds, all of which support human health. This study examines the phytochemical composition (photopigments and phenolics) determined by visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography, as well as the antiproliferative effects of spelt grass juice extracts assessed by the MTT assay. It also explores their selectivity towards human malignant cells (lung A-549 and cervical HeLa) and their potential synergy with doxorubicin, an anticancer drug. Spelt grass juice extracts, particularly aqueous and methanol–water extracts, contained significant amounts of ferulic acid and its derivatives. The methanol–water extracts were similar to aqueous extracts in terms of total phenolics (3464–3601 µg/g DW), while the acetone–water extracts had a significantly lower content (around 2700 µg/g DW). The antiproliferative effect of spelt extracts was moderate, with the acetone–water extract showing the highest selectivity towards HeLa cells, likely due to its ability to extract both photopigments and phenolics. Co-treatment with doxorubicin enhanced the cytotoxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of Triticum spelta extracts to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food)
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15 pages, 1674 KB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Extracts of Spent Grape Pomaces in Improving the Oxidative Stability of Grapeseed Oil
by Miluska Cisneros, Elisa Canazza, Dasha Mihaylova and Anna Lante
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10184; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210184 - 6 Nov 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Spent grape pomace is a by-product of Grappa production that is usually considered waste. Therefore, in this study, in order to promote the sustainable use of by-products from the food industry, we aimed to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from spent grape pomace [...] Read more.
Spent grape pomace is a by-product of Grappa production that is usually considered waste. Therefore, in this study, in order to promote the sustainable use of by-products from the food industry, we aimed to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from spent grape pomace and their use to improve the oxidative stability of grapeseed oil. Ultrasound-assisted extraction maximized the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, with the latter measured according to the ferric reducing antioxidant power. The best extraction conditions identified for spent grape pomace from red and white grapes were an amplitude of 40%, a duration of 22 min and a ratio of 1:37 and an amplitude of 40%, a duration of 25 min and a ratio of 1:45, respectively. Grapeseed oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and susceptible to rancidity, fortified with 10%, 20% and 30% of these extracts was evaluated in terms of its oxidative stability using the Rancimat method and compared with a control oil and an oil fortified with the synthetic antioxidant BHT at the highest legal level (200 ppm). For oil fortified with 30% of the extracts obtained from red and white pomace under the best conditions, increases in the induction time of 39% and 25% compared to the control and 23.01% and 10.62% compared to the BHT-fortified oil, respectively, were reported. This study highlights the potential of using grape pomace extracts as eco-friendly antioxidants to stabilize oil and contribute to the sustainability of the food industry at the same time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food)
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21 pages, 6421 KB  
Article
Utilization of Microencapsulated Polyphenols to Enhance the Bioactive Compound Content in Whole Grain Bread: Recipe Optimization
by Weronika Bińkowska, Arkadiusz Szpicer, Adrian Stelmasiak, Iwona Wojtasik-Kalinowska and Andrzej Półtorak
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10156; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210156 - 6 Nov 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2163
Abstract
In today’s health-conscious society, there is an increasing consumer demand for functional foods that not only satisfy nutritional needs but also promote overall well-being. The aim of this study was to develop a bread formulation enriched with microencapsulated polyphenols, oat β-glucan concentrate, and [...] Read more.
In today’s health-conscious society, there is an increasing consumer demand for functional foods that not only satisfy nutritional needs but also promote overall well-being. The aim of this study was to develop a bread formulation enriched with microencapsulated polyphenols, oat β-glucan concentrate, and sour fermented beetroot juice to enhance its nutritional profile and health benefits. To protect sensitive polyphenols from thermal degradation during baking, the microencapsulation technique was employed to maintain their bioactivity. The influence of these ingredients on the physio-chemical parameters of bread (dough viscosity, hardness, porosity, bioactive ingredients content, color, and volatile compounds profiles), as well as sensory acceptability, was evaluated. Using response surface methodology, the formulation was optimized to achieve a product with high polyphenol and β-glucan content. The optimized formulation included a content of 4.60% sour fermented beetroot juice, 6.29% β-glucan concentrate, and 2.77% microencapsulated polyphenols. The final bread demonstrated significant antioxidant activity and high consumer acceptability, indicating its potential as a functional alternative to traditional bread. This innovative approach addresses the demand for healthier food options and emphasizes the role of functional ingredients in improving dietary quality and promoting health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food)
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Review

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28 pages, 758 KB  
Review
Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Natural Antioxidants for Food and Their Health Benefits in Practice: A Narrative Review
by Maria Dimopoulou, Dimitris Stagos and Olga Gortzi
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010284 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 248
Abstract
Natural antioxidants align with consumer demand for clean-label, sustainable, and health-promoting food solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling deeper understanding, more rapid screening, and new application modalities in food systems. Novel deep learning frameworks have been developed to predict interactions between polyphenols and [...] Read more.
Natural antioxidants align with consumer demand for clean-label, sustainable, and health-promoting food solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling deeper understanding, more rapid screening, and new application modalities in food systems. Novel deep learning frameworks have been developed to predict interactions between polyphenols and proteins—crucial for understanding how antioxidants affect nutrient bioavailability, therapeutic functions, and food processing behavior. The convergence of AI and natural antioxidants is forging a transformative frontier in food science. This review aims to focus on AI-enabled methods and advances in natural antioxidants, focusing on practical impact and future directions. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published up to September 2025. AI accelerates the analysis, design, and personalization of food systems, while natural antioxidants deliver health-promoting, sustainable, and clean-label functionality. Together, they offer promising avenues for safer, fresher, and more nutritious food systems. Continued innovation, multidisciplinary synergy, and thoughtful regulation are essential to unlocking their full potential. Encapsulating essential oils, polyphenols, and curcumin within nanocarriers significantly improves their stability, antimicrobial efficacy, controlled release, and bioavailability, extending their shelf life and application in diverse food formats. Advancing the use of natural antioxidants in food systems must navigate additive classifications, health claim validations, labeling transparency, and regulatory compliance across regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Artificial and Natural Antioxidants for Food)
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