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Applied Sciences
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Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment
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Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 5089

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Guangwu Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: tribology of transmission components; mixed lubrication; tribology design; friction dynamics; friction vibration; sliding bearing; water lubricated bearings; gear transmission; industrial tribology; elastomer tribology; friction and wear prediction; tribological performance evaluation; tribology testing technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to incomplete statistics, about 80% of the failure of mechanical parts is caused by wear, and more than 50% of the malignant accidents of mechanical equipment originate from lubrication failure and excessive wear. The friction and lubrication performance and control of friction pairs have become the bottleneck of the development of high-end equipment transmission systems. Revealing the failure mechanism of friction pairs under special working conditions, the evolution law of tribological properties, the transient thermal contact lubrication behavior, and the mapping relationship between macro/micro multi-scale parameters and tribological properties are important prerequisites for grasping the friction failure of transmission system contact pairs. The important ways to improve the working performance and service life of the transmission system are to develop new antifriction and wear-resistant materials, develop high-performance lubricants with a wide temperature range, put forward efficient and reliable friction and wear prediction methods and control technologies, and improve the active design theory and method of key basic components in tribology. Advanced testing technologies and evaluation methods for tribological performance of material level, component level, and complete machine will contribute to the quantitative evaluation of friction and wear of transmission systems and ensure the safe and reliable operation of high-end equipment. AI tribology, friction dynamics coupling problems, and multidisciplinary solutions including tribology are attracting more and more interest in the research community.

In this Special Issue, we invite contributors to discuss cutting-edge research and the latest progress in the field of tribology of high-end equipment transmission systems. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as well as comprehensive review and survey papers.

Dr. Guangwu Zhou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4994 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on In Situ Storage of Grease-Lubricated Ball Screws
by Peijuan Cui, Zhanlin Hou, Luman He, Hui Zheng, Yifeng He, Yuanxun Fan, Linxue An and Yuping Huang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072734 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Lubricating grease plays an important role in the rolling screw transmission of the actuation system and is particularly concerned with the performance stability of long-term storage in aerospace applications. In this article, a batch of ball screws that were lying flat in the [...] Read more.
Lubricating grease plays an important role in the rolling screw transmission of the actuation system and is particularly concerned with the performance stability of long-term storage in aerospace applications. In this article, a batch of ball screws that were lying flat in the warehouse for about eight years were selected to extract lubricating grease from the screw raceway after being stored in situ. The oxidation performance, friction performance and rheological properties of lubricating grease were tested and compared to those of fresh grease to analyze and summarize the performance changes in lubricating grease. The transmission efficiency, friction torque, and temperature rise of ball screws without removing the original grease and those filled with fresh grease after cleaning were tested and compared. The impact of grease degradation on the transmission performance of ball screws was analyzed to provide a reference for ball screw lubrication schemes and further accelerated storage experimental design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment)
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16 pages, 6471 KiB  
Article
Clutch Pressure Plate Temperature Prediction Based on Bi-LSTM and Migration Learning
by Dong Chen, Bubu Xie, Chenxi Lan and Yubing Gong
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10837; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910837 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 809
Abstract
Clutch pressure plate temperature prediction is crucial for the structural design and performance evaluation of the clutch. However, due to the complexity of the clutch structure and the non-linear characteristics of temperature changes, accurate temperature prediction of the pressure plate has always been [...] Read more.
Clutch pressure plate temperature prediction is crucial for the structural design and performance evaluation of the clutch. However, due to the complexity of the clutch structure and the non-linear characteristics of temperature changes, accurate temperature prediction of the pressure plate has always been a difficult task, especially when considering cost factors. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a pressure plate temperature prediction method based on Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and transfer learning. First, the actual temperature data of the pressure plate under different experimental conditions is collected to establish a Bi-LSTM neural network temperature model, and then, a migration learning method is introduced to migrate the temperature experimental data to obtain a migration model. The migration model is finally applied to predict the pressure plate temperature using three samples and validated by the test. The results show that for the temperature prediction of the same type of pressure plate under different experimental conditions, the MSE (Mean Squared Error) of the approach is 7.08 °C, the R2 (R-squared) is 0.90, the maximum error is 8.47 °C, and the maximum relative error is 3.14%. For the temperature prediction of different types of pressure plates, the MSE of the approach is 3.64 °C, the R2 is 0.97, the maximum error is 5.94 °C, and the maximum relative error is 1.78%. It shows that the proposed approach achieves high-precision prediction of the clutch pressure plate temperature in the case of small samples, which is difficult to achieve with previous methods. The proposed approach can be used for the temperature prediction of the other clutches of models and working conditions and has broad application prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment)
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14 pages, 2258 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Impact of Fly-Ash Additive on Viscosity Reduction at Different Temperatures: A Comparative Analysis
by Tuan-Anh Bui and Ngoc-Tam Bui
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7859; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137859 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 824
Abstract
The viscosity of lubricating oils is influenced by fly-ash additives and temperature, as they play a crucial role in regulating the viscosity of oils. Fly-ash additives are added to lubricating oils to improve oxidation resistance and prevent deposit formation, which may reduce viscosity [...] Read more.
The viscosity of lubricating oils is influenced by fly-ash additives and temperature, as they play a crucial role in regulating the viscosity of oils. Fly-ash additives are added to lubricating oils to improve oxidation resistance and prevent deposit formation, which may reduce viscosity loss at high temperatures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fly-ash additives and temperature on the viscosity of oils B, C, and A. The experimental methodology involved comparing the viscosity of these oils with and without the addition of a 0.5% fly-ash additive. Viscosity measurements were taken at different temperatures. The results showed significant changes in viscosity after incorporating the fly-ash additive. At 25 °C, oils B, C, and A exhibited viscosity increases of 6.2%, 8.1%, and 13.8%, respectively, compared to the samples without the additive. Similarly, at 75 °C, the viscosity increments were 10.2%, 11.5%, and 22.8% for oils B, C, and A, respectively. At 85 °C, the corresponding increments were 11.1%, 16.6%, and 32.8%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of fly-ash additives in reducing the impact of temperature on oil viscosity, with oil A demonstrating the highest efficacy. By adjusting the viscosity of the oil at different temperatures, the fly-ash additives contribute to maintaining stable lubricating performance. Understanding the influence of fly-ash additives and temperature on oil viscosity is crucial for optimizing the performance of lubricants across various temperature conditions. Additionally, this knowledge assists in selecting the appropriate additive ratios for specific applications, thereby ensuring optimal lubricant performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment)
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17 pages, 7213 KiB  
Article
Research on the Vibration Behavior of Ring–Block Friction Pair Made of Materials of Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearing under Special Operating Conditions
by Zijian Zhang, Guangwu Zhou, Peng Li, Luole Du and Min He
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7676; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137676 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1010
Abstract
A water-lubricated rubber bearing (WLRB) is prone to generate frictional vibration noise under special operating conditions, which seriously affects the acoustic stealth performance of warships and threatens their navigation safety. Meanwhile, the main factor affecting the frictional vibration behavior of a WLRB is [...] Read more.
A water-lubricated rubber bearing (WLRB) is prone to generate frictional vibration noise under special operating conditions, which seriously affects the acoustic stealth performance of warships and threatens their navigation safety. Meanwhile, the main factor affecting the frictional vibration behavior of a WLRB is the materials of the friction pair. Therefore, this work selects a friction pair composed of a copper ring and a rubber block as the research object and studies the frictional vibration behavior of the ring–block friction pair under low-speed and starting conditions. The real friction coefficient curve is used to establish a transient dynamic finite element analysis model for the ring–block friction pair. The effects of the load, friction coefficient, and Young’s modulus on the frictional vibration behavior under special operating conditions are studied. The analysis’s results show that the frequency of the medium-high frequency friction-induced vibration disappears under low-speed operating conditions when the friction coefficient is below 0.1. During the startup process, even if the friction coefficient is very low, the medium-high frequency friction-induced vibration still exists. The research results provide ideas for future theoretical research and guidance suggestions for engineering practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment)
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19 pages, 10156 KiB  
Article
Lubrication Analysis of Small-End Bearings of Reciprocating Engines Based on Orthogonal Experiment
by Sicong Sun, Xin Yang, Jianming Zhou, Jianguo Yang, Yong Cai, Liangtao Xie and Jia Hu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3756; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063756 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1541
Abstract
Small end bearings are a critical component of reciprocating engines, and the performance of their lubrication performance directly affects engines’ reliability and mechanical efficiency. There are many factors that influence their lubrication. A new type of small-end bearing test rig was developed to [...] Read more.
Small end bearings are a critical component of reciprocating engines, and the performance of their lubrication performance directly affects engines’ reliability and mechanical efficiency. There are many factors that influence their lubrication. A new type of small-end bearing test rig was developed to reveal key influencing factors and their influence on lubrication characteristics, and a multi-body dynamic model coupled with elastohydrodynamic (EHD) characteristics was built. The model was verified through experiments. In accordance with the orthogonal experimental requirements, the impact of various factors on small-end bearing lubrication characteristics was analyzed, and the results showed that: (1) minimal oil film thickness (MOFT), friction power, and maximum oil film pressure (MOFP) are the major evaluation indicators of small-end bearing lubrication, and the most significant influencing factors are the pin bushings’ clearance, engine speed, and bushing surface roughness; (2) increasing the clearance of the pin bushings can increase the hydrodynamic lubrication percentage and the average thickness of the oil film, but it also reduces the local minimum thickness of the oil film; (3) an increase in roughness can improve the MOFT and enhance its carrying capacity, but may also increase friction power; and (4) high speeds can increase the thickness of the oil film between the piston pin and bushing and improve lubrication status, but it also increases friction power on the asperity contact region, reducing mechanical efficiency. The research results can be used for the design of connecting rod small-end bearings to improve their mechanical efficiency and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication Properties of Drive Train Equipment)
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