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Journals
Applied Mechanics
Special Issues
Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures
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Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures

A special issue of Applied Mechanics (ISSN 2673-3161).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 June 2023) | Viewed by 10488

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksandr Cherniaev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Interests: impact mechanics of advanced materials; lightweight impact-resistant structures; computational modeling of structural impact and wave propagation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Multiple engineering structures can experience impact loading during their service life. Examples include but are not limited to:

  • Rollover and collision of ground vehicles;
  • Impacts during aircraft landing;
  • Bird strikes;
  • Fan blade separation (fan blade-off) in turbofan engines;
  • Collisions of micrometeoroids and orbital debris with spacecraft;
  • Loads experienced by parts of fall-prevention devices;
  • Bullet strikes of personal body armor; and
  • Tool drops on composite structures.

In turn, materials of the structures subjected to impact (e.g., metals, polymers, reinforced composites, porous materials, and flexible fabrics) can exhibit, among others:

  • Fragmentation;
  • Spallation;
  • Strain-rate sensitivity of strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness;
  • Heating;
  • Significant volumetric changes;
  • Phase transformations (melting and vaporization); 
  • Decomposition.

This Special Issue is intended as a platform for the dissemination of new findings in the area of impact mechanics to support the development of safe and efficient impact-resistant structures.

Topics of interest include:

  • Physical testing (materials’ characterization under dynamic loading conditions, impact testing of structures; development or modification of the corresponding test methods);
  • Computational modeling (simulation of materials’ behavior under dynamic loading; modeling of structural impact and wave propagation problems; computational techniques—finite element and meshless—for impact modeling);
  • The development of predictive models (ballistic limit equations, artificial neural networks, etc.) for the design and evaluation of structures subjected to impact loading.

Dr. Aleksandr Cherniaev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Mechanics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • impact mechanics
  • dynamic loading
  • structural impact
  • wave propagation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4156 KiB  
Article
A Methodology for Stochastic Simulation of Head Impact on Windshields
by Christopher Brokmann, Christian Alter and Stefan Kolling
Appl. Mech. 2023, 4(1), 179-190; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4010010 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
In accidents involving cars with pedestrians, the impact of the head on structural parts of the vehicle presents a significant risk of injury. If the head hits the windshield, the injury is highly influenced by glass fracture. In pedestrian protection tests, a head [...] Read more.
In accidents involving cars with pedestrians, the impact of the head on structural parts of the vehicle presents a significant risk of injury. If the head hits the windshield, the injury is highly influenced by glass fracture. In pedestrian protection tests, a head form impactor is shot on the windshield while the resultant acceleration at the centre of gravity of the head is measured. To assess the risk of fatal or serious injury, a head injury criterion (HIC) as an explicit function of the measured acceleration can be determined. The braking strength of glass, which has a major impact on the head acceleration, however, is not deterministic but depends on production-related microcracks on the glass surface as well as on the loading rate. The aim of the present paper is to show a pragmatic method for how to include the stochastic failure of glass in crash and impact simulations. The methodology includes a fracture mechanical model for the strain rate-dependent failure of glass, an experimental determination of the glass strength for the different areas of a windshield (surface, edge, and screen-printing area), a statistical evaluation of the experimental data, and a computation of an HIC probability distribution by stochastic simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures)
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16 pages, 11655 KiB  
Article
An Optimized Dynamic Tensile Impact Test for Characterizing the Behavior of Materials
by Olivier Pantalé and Lu Ming
Appl. Mech. 2022, 3(3), 1107-1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030063 - 11 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
This paper presents a new dynamic tensile test based on the Taylor impact technique for application on metallic materials. The Taylor impact test is a well-known technique to characterize the behavior of metallic materials in compression because it allows us to reach very [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new dynamic tensile test based on the Taylor impact technique for application on metallic materials. The Taylor impact test is a well-known technique to characterize the behavior of metallic materials in compression because it allows us to reach very high strain rates (105s−1). In this dynamic tensile test, we launch a projectile with an initial velocity into a specially designed target in order to generate tensile deformation in its central area. In this paper, the geometry of a tensile target previously published in our laboratory was modified and optimized to achieve higher plastic strains and strain rates without reaching the critical state of target failure. Numerical simulations and experimental tests validate the new geometry. Experimental tests have been performed with this new geometry to show the gains allowed. Numerical simulations by finite elements on Abaqus show the equivalent plastic deformations and elongation of the two versions of the targets and the correlation of these results with the tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures)
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17 pages, 7364 KiB  
Article
The Role of Splitting Phenomenon under Fracture of Low-Carbon Microalloyed X80 Pipeline Steels during Multiple Charpy Impact Tests
by Matvey Matveevich Kantor, Konstantin Grigorievich Vorkachev, Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Bozhenov and Konstantin Aleksandrovich Solntsev
Appl. Mech. 2022, 3(3), 740-756; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030044 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2678
Abstract
The ambiguity of the splitting effect on X80 low-carbon microalloyed pipeline steels’ tendency towards brittle fracture prompted an experimental study of impact toughness scattering based on multiple Charpy impact tests in a temperature range from 20 °C to −100 °C. A fractographic analysis [...] Read more.
The ambiguity of the splitting effect on X80 low-carbon microalloyed pipeline steels’ tendency towards brittle fracture prompted an experimental study of impact toughness scattering based on multiple Charpy impact tests in a temperature range from 20 °C to −100 °C. A fractographic analysis of a large number of fractured samples was carried out. The relationships between impact toughness, deformability and splitting characteristics were studied. A number of common features of three X80 low-carbon microalloyed pipeline steel fractures were revealed. It was experimentally established that the reason for the scattering of the impact toughness values during completely ductile fracture of specimens, as well as during fracture accompanied by the splitting formation, is the local inhomogeneity of plastic properties. The higher the susceptibility to the formation of splits for a particular steel, the lower the impact toughness. Using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, an uneven distribution of local plasticity in the plastic zone of impact-fractured specimens was established. A comparative analysis of specimens with equal impact toughness values at different test temperatures makes it possible to identify the mechanism of negative splitting influence compensation by the increased plasticity of certain specimen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures)
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20 pages, 2086 KiB  
Article
An Inverse Identification Procedure for the Evaluation of Equivalent Loading Conditions for Simplified Numerical Models in Abaqus
by Olivier Pantalé and Lu Ming
Appl. Mech. 2022, 3(2), 663-682; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3020039 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
In the finite element simulation process, it is very common to use simplified models to replace the original complex models to reduce the computational cost. To improve the accuracy of simulation with simplified numerical models in Abaqus Explicit, we propose an inverse identification [...] Read more.
In the finite element simulation process, it is very common to use simplified models to replace the original complex models to reduce the computational cost. To improve the accuracy of simulation with simplified numerical models in Abaqus Explicit, we propose an inverse identification procedure to evaluate the equivalent loading conditions to be applied to these simplified models. We construct an objective function to test the correlation between the final deformed shape obtained by simulation on the full models and the simplified models. A Python identification program using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is implemented to optimize this objective function. In parallel to this approach, we propose a data processing step, validated by a dynamic tensile test, to obtain more accurate numerical responses, including data extraction and estimation. Full numerical models for the Taylor test, dynamic tensile test, and dynamic shear test were constructed using Abaqus Explicit FEM code. The complete models were then replaced by simplified models, in which some non-essential parts were removed and some boundary conditions were modified. In order to obtain the same results in terms of the final geometry, the proposed inverse identification procedure is then used to calculate the equivalent impact velocities for the simplified models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact Mechanics of Materials and Structures)
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