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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Carriage of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria in Health
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Carriage of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria in Health

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 24821

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Christel Neut

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (INFINITE), Lille, France
Interests: human microbiome; inflammatory bowel disease; natural antimicrobials; antibacterial functionalization of biomaterials; methods to study antimicrobial activities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

MDR bacteria are increasing steadily and compromise the successful treatment of infections. They are present now more and more not only in hospitals but also in the community.

Infections due to Gram-negative MDR bacteria are usually preceded by intestinal carriage. However, little is known about the frequency and the duration of MDR carriage in healthy people.

Some risk groups have been defined (travelers, people with frequent contact with animals), but more knowledge is necessary to understand and fight against this underestimated phenomenon.

Antimicrobial resistance compromises the benefits of antibiotics more and more on a daily basis. Both the development of new molecules and the fight against the spread of MDR bacteria can help to put a stop to this trend. However, a better knowledge of the presence of MDR bacteria outside of the hospital is necessary.

Dr. Christel Neut
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • intestinal carriage of MDR bacteria
  • health
  • infectious risk
  • community

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2820 KiB  
Article
Investigating the OXA Variants of ESKAPE Pathogens
by Deeksha Pandey, Neelja Singhal and Manish Kumar
Antibiotics 2021, 10(12), 1539; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121539 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3798
Abstract
ESKAPE pathogens are the leading cause of nosocomial infections. The Global Priority List of WHO has categorized ESKAPE as priority 1 and 2 pathogens. Even though several mechanisms contribute to antimicrobial resistance, OXA β-lactamase has emerged as a new threat in combating nosocomial [...] Read more.
ESKAPE pathogens are the leading cause of nosocomial infections. The Global Priority List of WHO has categorized ESKAPE as priority 1 and 2 pathogens. Even though several mechanisms contribute to antimicrobial resistance, OXA β-lactamase has emerged as a new threat in combating nosocomial infections. In the present study we have investigated the presence of OXA and their variants, copy number, distribution on chromosomes/plasmids, subfamilies, phylogenetic relationships, amino acid identities and variabilities in ESKAPE pathogens. Our results revealed that a total of 929 OXA were present in 2258 completely assembled genomes, which could be further subdivided into 16 sub-families. Among all the ESKAPE pathogens, OXA were highly prevalent in A. baumannii, followed by P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae but completely absent in E. faecium and S. aureus while, only a few copies were found in Enterobacter spp. Most of the OXA variants belonged to the OXA-51-like subfamily (200 proteins), followed by OXA-50-like subfamily (189 proteins), OXA-23-like subfamily (156 proteins) and OXA-1-like subfamily (154 proteins). OXA-51-like, OXA-213-like, OXA-134-like, OXA-58-like, OXA-24-like and OXA-20-like subfamilies were present exclusively in A. baumannii. Phylogenetic tree of the subfamilies revealed that OXA-1-like and OXA-33-like, OXA-51-like and OXA-213-like and, OXA-5-like and OXA-10-like belonged to the same branches with amino acid identities as 100%, 97.10% and 80.90% respectively. This indicates that the members of these subfamily-pairs might have evolved from the same ancestor or have recently diverged. Thus, a judicious use of carbapenems is warranted to curtail the rise of new OXA enzymes and preserve them. This is the first detailed report about the OXA of ESKAPE pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carriage of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria in Health)
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Review

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11 pages, 928 KiB  
Review
Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthy People: Recognition of Several Risk Groups
by Christel Neut
Antibiotics 2021, 10(10), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101163 - 25 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3147
Abstract
The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized people and the hospital environment has been thoroughly documented. In contrast, little is known about their presence in the community. However, increasing evidence is showing a high level of carriage in people without infectious signs. [...] Read more.
The increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized people and the hospital environment has been thoroughly documented. In contrast, little is known about their presence in the community. However, increasing evidence is showing a high level of carriage in people without infectious signs. Colonized people can later develop infections due to MDR bacteria and may be able to transmit them to susceptible people (the number of which is increasing worldwide), for example, people with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer, or inflammatory diseases and those in extreme age groups. Risk factors for the acquisition of MDR bacteria are as follows: (1) residence or travel in countries with high levels of MDR bacteria; (2) occupational risks such as health workers or people with close contact with animals (farmers, veterinarians) who frequently use antibiotics; and (3) comorbidities. Eradication is rather difficult and, thus far, has not shown clear-cut results. Preventive measures will be important in the future with a reinforcement of hygienic measures not only in the hospital, but also in the community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carriage of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria in Health)
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27 pages, 2676 KiB  
Review
Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales—From ESBLs to Carbapenemases
by Janina Noster, Philipp Thelen and Axel Hamprecht
Antibiotics 2021, 10(9), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091140 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 16722
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDRE) are an emerging threat to global health, leading to rising health care costs, morbidity and mortality. Multidrug-resistance is commonly caused by different β-lactamases (e.g., ESBLs and carbapenemases), sometimes in combination with other resistance mechanisms (e.g., porin loss, efflux). The continuous [...] Read more.
Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDRE) are an emerging threat to global health, leading to rising health care costs, morbidity and mortality. Multidrug-resistance is commonly caused by different β-lactamases (e.g., ESBLs and carbapenemases), sometimes in combination with other resistance mechanisms (e.g., porin loss, efflux). The continuous spread of MDRE among patients in hospital settings and the healthy population require adjustments in healthcare management and routine diagnostics. Rapid and reliable detection of MDRE infections as well as gastrointestinal colonization is key to guide therapy and infection control measures. However, proper implementation of these strategies requires diagnostic methods with short time-to-result, high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, research on new techniques and improvement of already established protocols is inevitable. In this review, current methods for detection of MDRE are summarized with focus on culture based and molecular techniques, which are useful for the clinical microbiology laboratory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carriage of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria in Health)
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